Site to Site Internet Protocol Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Site to Site Internet Protocol Security - Essay Example In VPN Tunneling technology, all traffic is forced through a secured site. Furthermore, one network is able to send its data via the connection to another network. The implementation of IPSec can take place at the end host or in the routers or even in both depending on the security requirements of the users (Doraswamy & Harkins 2003). With IPSec, any piece of information sent from one site to another remains secured due to the involved extensibility of the Internet Protocol layer. In this study, therefore, we will discuss tunneling, architecture, authentication and the associated standards in attempts to describe IPSec protocol. Of all VPNs, Tunnel Mode is the most commonly used in IPSec implementations Tunneling is the transmission of data intended for use within a private network through the public network. In this case, therefore, data is conveyed by a public network, which is the internet, on behalf of the private network. This is achieved through the protection of IP packets by the IPSec in such a way that the original packets get wrapped, encrypted and a new header added before being sent to the other side of the VPN tunnel (Tiller 2000). Configurations of IPSec VPN tunneling can also be done using Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels with IPSec. The GRE is an encapsulation protocol of an arbitrary network layer protocol over another different arbitrary network layer protocol (Javin Technologies 2005). In this protocol, packets known as payloads need to be encapsulated and delivered to some destination. First, the payload is encapsulated in a GRE packet then in some other protocol before being forwarded. The outer protocol is known as a delivery protocol. "Security in a network using GRE should be relatively similar to security in a normal IPv4 network, as routing using GRE follows the same routing that IPv4 uses natively."

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Indeed, conflict is inevitable because change is unavoidable as well (McReynolds n.d.). Take for instance, in a business established between friends, of course at first everything will go smoothly, especially if profits or gains are consistently increasing (McReynolds n.d.). However, the existence of change may occur in the form of, in this case, let’s say, a co-owner establishes   a business of his own which is of the same nature as the business that he helped establish with his friends (McReynolds n. d.). Of course, the other co-owners will cry out â€Å"foul† which will consequently lead to conflict (McReynolds n.d.). Changes indeed occurs whether we like it or not, and since it leads to conflict, it is safe to claim that conflict also is inevitable (McReynolds n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for the inevitability of conflict is because people possess different values and thus also having diverse preferences (Berteig 2005). Let’s take for instance, a family with four members would like to purchase a new vehicle, the husband would like to get a pick-up truck, however, the wife would like a simple sedan, but the daughter prefers an SUV, on the other hand, the son would like a convertible (Berteig 2005). Of course, conflict already came up since they were unable to agree simply because they hold different values and preferences (Berteig 2005). Conflict is inevitable simply because it is natural for an individual to have his or her preference (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inevitability of conflict occurs also because of the fact that â€Å"the parties involved have already each decided on their own solution and fails to discuss the problem those solutions should be addressing (Berteig 2005). For example, a business that a group of four established encountered a financial dilemma, then one of the co-owners, extremely worrying that the aforementioned may be the beginning of their downfall, immediately looked for investors and promised them a high position in the company, as well as, sells them a considerable amount of shares (Berteig 2005). Of course, upon discovery of that â€Å"speedy move†, the other three co-owners, got mad because they believed that such a move was not the only alternative or solution (Berteig 2005). Surely, conflict is inevitable because there are people who decide immediately without even speaking about the problem or consulting other people who are involved (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, conflict is inevitable because â€Å"lack of clarity in communication† is unavoidable also (Berteig 2005). For example, if your mother requested you to go to the supermarket and asked you to purchase some ingredients including oil and mayonnaise but did not specifically tell you that you’re supposed to get her olive oil and fat-free mayonnaise, when you come home with ordinary oil and regular mayonnaise then a conflict will surely arise (Berteig 2005). You will explain that the information she gave you were incomplete, simply put, she did not state her specific instructions, but then she would probably have told you that such specifics were unnecessary since you knew those were the things typically utilized around the house (Berteig 2005). This only proves that ‘lack of clarity’ indeed starts up miscommunications thus making conflicts inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, there are times when there are disagreements in the past that go unsolved which causes the present to be affected (Berteig 2005). Either, their present relationship will get harder to work on or everything something negative happens they will be reminded of the unsolved disagreement that occurred in the past, which will surely create conflict between both parties (Berteig 2005). However, whether we approve or not, such occurs and thus making conflict inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not least, there are some people who were raised not to listen, or interfere when someone is speaking (University of Cambridge 2004). By not listening alone or interfering may already lead to conflict since nobody would like to be interrupted or ignored, it will make them feel that they are not respected or that they are not credible enough to speak about what they are talking about, etc (University of Cambridge 2004). This is yet another evidence that proves that conflict is inevitable (University of Cambridge 2004). Bibliography    Berteig, M. 2005, ‘Reasons for Conflict or Disagreement’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.agileadvice.com/archives/2005/05/reasons_for_con.html McReynolds, D. n.d., ‘Philosophy of Nonviolence: The Inevitability of Conflict’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.nonviolence.org/issues/philo-nv2.php University of Cambridge. 2004, ‘Conflict with Others’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.counselling.cam.ac.uk/conflict.html

Hemingways The Handle: Death and Deliverance :: essays research papers

The labyrinthine structure of what is perhaps Hemingway's least-anthologized novella, "The Handle," belies its peremptory dismissal by many critics as a hastily written jumble of vacuous dialogue wrapped around a poorly-contrived plot. "The Handle," a posthumously published novella that Hemingway penned in the frustrated years following his Nobel prize in literature for "The Old Man and the Sea," is the story of a farmer, set in a sleepy fictional province of rural Ohio, whose yearnings for a more transitory lifestyle are offset by a feeling of obligation to the land and the house and the profession of his father, his grandfather, and great-grandfather before him. Although the fields of Joseph Mallort are now little more than barren clumps of rock, tilled for generations until, as Hemingway writes, "the ground finally refused to yield," the farmer continues to plow his dusty, heat-cracked fields, hoping against hope to eek what little sustenance they might still provide. Although one may be tempted to draw the conclusion that Hemingway's barren fields are little more than a thinly-veiled expression of rising self-doubt about the author's own creative abilities that becomes prevalent in Hemingway's later years, to dismiss the story as nothing more than a straightforeward allegory is to do an injustice to its more intriguing thematic elements. Joeseph Mallort is a widower, living alone in the creaky old farmhouse of his father, who awakens in the predawn hours to milk the cows and get the plowing underway before the murderous sun beats down on him. By most afternoons he has succumbed to something that might be diagnosed as mild heat-stroke today, and wanders the fields aimless and slightly confused, murmuring one-sided conversations with his deceased wife, father, gandfather, and the original settler of the farm. Although the dialogue of "The Handle," represents a tenuous structural departure in that all of the secondary characters are either dead ghosts or mild halucinations, it is still chock full of the brisk versimilitude rendered in simple prose that is the hallmark of Heminway's finest passages. After a blight of cow-fever leaves Joseph without the chores of milking and feeding, he digs a mass grave for the cows and buries them under a mound of earth. Several days later, he's walking the perimeter of his fields, mending the barbed-wire fence, when the ghost of his grandfather begins to taunt him for wasting his time on the fence when all the cows are dead.

Jhumpa Lahiri’s the Namesake Speech

Claude Levi-Strauss once said ‘being human signifies, for each of us, belonging to a class, a society, a country, a continent and a civilization. ’ Belonging is a human desire of being accepted with people or places. In Jhumpa Lahiri’s story, The Namesake, the story follows the Ganguli family from their traditional Indian life in Calcutta through their uneasy transformation into America. This family is strewn with opposing fidelities and the underlying concept of the difficulties of cultural belonging, for being tradition bound immigrants. The common use of the food motif and repetitive contrasts between the cultures of India and America throughout The Namesake create cultural jarring, which demonstrate cultural transitions. The novel opens with Ashima, a newly arrived Indian immigrant in America, making an Indian snack as best she can using American-branded ingredients. Ashima focalizes, â€Å"as usual there’s something missing†, reinforcing the challenge of her own transition to adopting a new culture alternatives. Whilst the iconical American brands of â€Å"Rice Krispies and Planter’s Peanuts† are familiar to western readers, for Ashima it emphasizes her difference, establishing a cultural jarring within her experience of immigration. Another instance where the food motif is evident is at Gogol’s ‘Rice Ceremony’. The traditional Bengali ritual, lays a pen, a handful of earth and some money in front of the baby to determine their future career. The objects are layed in front of Gogol and he turns away. An ‘uncle’ then proclaims that, â€Å"most children will grab at one of them†¦but Gogol touches nothing’. The inability of the baby Gogol to choose anything forshadows uncertainty plaguing him throughout his life. This contrast between Gogol and ‘most children’ makes him become different, which emphasis Gogol’s struggle to belong in both American and Indian civilization. In order to belong to a society, effort must be made to immerse yourself into the patterns and behaviors of the people surrounding yourself. Gogol acts as a mediator between American and Bengali customs, for his parents. This further places him in the middle of the two society’s, not fitting in solely in either. A key means through which Ashima connects with foreign American people is by taking Gogol with her as she goes about her daily life. As she runs about her errands, â€Å"strangers, all Americans, suddenly take notice of her, congratulating her for what she’s done. † The frequent pauses in this line, show Ashima’s sudden shock of her newly found link to America. For Ashima, Gogol is the only way she can connect to the American society, yet it is significant to notice that Gogol resists this mediating role. By rejecting his Bengali origins in preference for an Americanised identity, Gogol projects an internalized racism against his family’s cultural roots. Although he is exposed to both Bengali and American society he makes the conscious effort to be immersed in solely the American culture, thus segregating himself from his heritage which causes him to feel inadequate. Gogol is invited to many Bengali gatherings to encourage him to adopt both cultures but, â€Å"he has no ABCD friends at college. He avoids them, for they remind him too much of the way his parents choose to live†, that is showing a dual-identity. This omnisciently narrated line suggests he makes no effort to associate himself into the Bengali society, which will in the end limit his enrichment in either society. Becoming culturally connected ensures a stronger sense of individual belonging. In The Namesake Maxine attempts to become involved in the Ganguli’s traditional culture, her outlook on relationships becomes too different for Gogol’s parent’s as they, â€Å"avert their eyes when Maxine accidentally leans over to run her hand through his hair. † This act of American relationship publicity, stuns Ashoke and Ashima, as it is forbidden in Bengali culture to display affection in this manner. This restrains Maxine from connecting to Gogol and his family, because she is unaware of multiple customs, which would segregate her from being accepted into their culture. Gogol decides that to belong into the American culture he should change his name, thus changing his identity. He came across the idea of a name change when reading an article which said, â€Å"it was a right belonging to every American citizen† to rename themselves if they feel it doesn’t coincide with their life. Though Gogol changed his name to Nikhil, this statement becomes slightly ironic as he never feels â€Å"all American†. To belong to a culture, adapting or changing oneself to fit into the desired position cannot come from a want; it should be a natural transition. Everyone has a desire to belong anywhere that they may be. However by avoiding or choosing too much against what is natural, then they will often struggle to belong. Fitting into a culture, society or civilization depends on a person’s character and how they choose to interact with the people surrounding them. For Gogol to belong in any of these classes acceptance of himself including his own Bengali background should be part of his journey.

Women Are Better Manger

Women are Better Managers? Yes The New York Times set off a minor tempest in the blogosphere with an interview a week ago with Carol Smith, senior vice president and chief brand officer for the Elle Group, publisher of the fashion magazine Elle. The headline: No Doubts: Women Are Better Managers. You can imagine the reaction. The article was part of a regular Sunday feature, The Corner Office, in which some exec spills the secrets to their success in a question and answer format. Author Adam Bryant at one point asks Smith to share her observations on men vs women as managers. Her response:In my experience, female bosses tend to be better managers, better advisers, mentors, rational thinkers. Men love to hear themselves talk. I’m so generalizing. I know I am. But in a couple of places I’ve worked, I would often say, â€Å"Call me 15 minutes after the meeting starts and then I’ll come,† because I will have missed all the football. I will have missed all the â€Å"what I did on the golf course. † I will miss the four jokes, and I can get into the meeting when it’s starting. Have to admit, loved the part about coming into the meeting 15 minutes late so she can miss the sports talk and the four jokes.The interview was on the Times web site’s most-read list for over a week, and garnered more than 300 comments. The paper revisited the issue this past Sunday in its Room For Debate blog, asking several experts about the differences between men and women as managers. Alice Eagly, chairman of the department of social psychology at Northwestern University, warned about overgeneralizing based on gender, but then made this observation: Women are less â€Å"bossy,† probably because people dislike bossy women even more than bossy men. As a result, female managers are more collaborative and democratic than male managers.Second, compared with men, women use a more positive approach by encouraging and urging others rather th an a negative approach of scolding and reprimanding them. Third, women attend more to the individuals they work with, by mentoring them and taking their particular situations into account. Finally, there is the matter of getting the job done efficiently. Most managers, male and female, get their work done in a timely way, but some do not. When you find one of those barely functioning managers — that is, someone who avoids solving problems and just doesn’t get the job done, that person is more likely to be a man than a woman.Why? Perhaps because a woman would be fired or demoted more quickly for poor managing. Over at the web site for Workforce Management, editor John Hollon laments the whole subject, saying In my long career, I’ve discovered only one clear truth about men and women as managers. It’s this: You simply can’t make a blanket judgment about the quality of managers by their gender. Anyone who tries to do so is foolish and shortsighted, an d perhaps hasn’t worked for enough different kinds of managers—male or female—to figure that out. So what do you think? Do women make better managers? Or are some of them just too outspoken?

Domain Name Disputes Essay Essays

Domain Name Disputes Essay Essays Domain Name Disputes Essay Essay Domain Name Disputes Essay Essay A sphere name is user-friendly manner of showing the Internet Protocol ( IP ) reference of a web location. When the sphere name of the web site is entered. it would supply a direct nexus to entree the content located on the site of the IP reference. The sphere name has characters and numbers separated out by points ( . ) which suggest assorted degrees in the sphere name. A sphere name can hold anyplace between one to 63 characters. and can include certain particular characters such as ( ) . The valid characters of the sphere name include A to Z and 1 to 9 and 0. Capitalization is non used as a method to separate from one sphere name to another. Sphere name has been a really user-friendly manner of accessing content on the cyberspace. and therefore people frequently use it to seek for concerns on the net. Today’s sphere name system was earlier utilized by the web set up by the section of defense mechanism and academic administrations for research and communications intents. This Domain name system ( DNS ) was initiated every bit early as 1984 and has been extended to all countries of the universe where the cyberspace is accessible today. The sphere name would really change over into an IP reference. which would propose a physical location of a computing machine or a system on the Internet. Since. non more than one site can hold one reference ; there have been a batch of struggles in the usage of sphere names. A peculiar sphere name would hold different degrees. The assorted degrees in the sphere name are separated or recognised utilizing the particular character point ( . ) ( to distinguish between the assorted degrees ) . If you take the sphere name rudiment. thirty. it is a 2nd degree sphere name. dwelling of 2 degrees. rudiment and xxx. On the other manus. mno. rudiment. thirty. consists of three degrees. viz. mno. rudiment and thirty. The characters in the sphere name are normally counted from the right to the left. The Internet protocol references. sphere names. etc. which are utilized for internet direction are today by and large handled by an administration known as the â€Å"Internet Assigned Numbers Authority† ( IANA ) . In bend the day-to-day personal businesss sing the assignment of top degree and 2nd degree sphere names are taken attention of by single Internet Registries ( IR ) . There are several hierarchies of sphere names including top degree sphere names ( TLDs’ ) . Second Level Domain names ( SLD’s ) . 3rd degree sphere names ( 3LD’s ) . etc. The direction of the top degree sphere names are done by the ICANN at the international degree. They besides provide declaration of differences at the international degree through an arbitrary and simplified procedure known as ‘UDRP’ ( Uniform Domain Resolution Policy ) . The TLD’s are the sphere name that appears after the last ( . ) in the sphere name. For illustration. in a general sphere name such as rudiment. com. the. com is the TLD. Again. the TLD can be of two types viz. . a generic TLD and a state specific TLD. The generic TLD’s include. com. . cyberspace. . info. . thirty. . org. . edu. . television. . RESs. . mil. . gov. . int. etc. The state specific TLD’s include Top degree sphere names that are specific to certain states such as. Fr. . Eu. . in. . my. . us. etc. For specific top degree sphere name types. a specific register would be approved ( assigned by the ICANN ) . to delegate. manage and manage any issues that may originate for that TLD. TLD’s can be once more classified as two types depending on the limitation imposed to register and delegate. including restricted generic TLD’s and unrestricted generic TLD’s. Restricted generic TLD’s would necessitate certain sum of eligibility to register in the register. For case. the TLd. int. requires that the organic structure registering be an international sanctioned administration such as the WIPO. WHO. etc. No individual can register under this TLD without eligibility. Verisign ( an cyberspace register ) would likewise license enrollment of telecom administrations to register under the generic TLD. cyberspace. Merely non-profit administrations. establishments. voluntary administrations. etc. can register under the TLD. org. Administrations that are governmental in nature. can register under the sphere name. gov. Unrestricted sphere names. do non necessitate eligibility sing administration type or geographical location. and any individual can register under such sphere names without limitations. on a first semen foremost served footing. One such sphere name is the. com. which accounts for about half of all the sphere names registered in the universe. Peoples desiring a sphere name under the. com TLD. need non show any eligibility. but can register a peculiar sphere name on a first semen foremost served footing. Many people site that the greater sum of involvements by commercial administrations in the. com register and the offering of enrollment on a first semen foremost served footing. has created immense struggles in the sphere name allotment. Country coded top degree sphere names are assigned sphere names based on state specifications. Merely if the administration is located in a certain state or provides concern or services to a peculiar state would it be permitted to utilize that ccTLD. For case. uk or. my are TLD’s belonging to the United Kingdom and Malaysia. severally. The 2nd degree sphere name is the part of the sphere name that lies before the ( . ) of the TLD. This may include a alone name matching to an IP reference or may be even implicative of the geographical location of the concern. For case in rudiment. cyberspace. the 2nd degree sphere name is abc. On the other manus. rudiment. United Kingdom. org. the 2nd degree sphere name is. uk. and it suggests the state codification. Abc. would so belong to a 3rd degree sphere name ( 3LD ) . The United Kingdom is a state that follows a top-level state coded sphere name. For case. the sphere of several administrations in the UK would be abc. org. United Kingdom and non abc. uk. org. Domain name and Intellectual Property Rights Many tribunals have tried to specify what a sphere name is. They consider it to be an reference. which has to be selected by the user. and since one user would be utilizing one reference. it needs to be alone and non indistinguishable. The tribunals besides give consideration that people would frequently seek to think the web reference from the name. location and other characteristics of the applier. A sphere name is more of a mark or a grade which can assist to separate the goods and services of one bargainer from the goods and the services of another. Hence. a sphere name can be holding an rational value and can be given an â€Å"Intellectual Property Right Protection† . Following a rise in the traffic and popularity of the cyberspace. there has been a rise in the sphere name issues. Sphere name were considered to be earlier more of references that helped to turn up the bargainer or an administration on the cyber universe. However. today domain names are turning out to be more of identifiers. hallmarks. Markss or indicants of the goods. services. etc. of a peculiar bargainer. A sphere name consists of alphabets. numbers. punctuation Markss. etc. and hence possesses the features of a hallmark. For many companies. the value of the sphere name is considered great as they would be utilizing the cyberspace for concern. Today domain name instead than the name of the companies are considered to be identifiers and are frequently being used as advertizements. Hence. in many cases. sphere names and hallmarks are in struggle. It is of import to observe several particular features of sphere names: 1. They are planetary as one time they are registered anybody from the universe can utilize the reference to derive entree to the trader’s web site 2. They need to be alone as merely one reference can take to a web site 3. Sphere name are frequently guessed by the users. and therefore minor alterations or mistakes need to guarantee that the user still is able to make the intended location 4. An honest and current sphere name user can non be as in the instance of hallmarks 5. Sphere can can non be given for manner of composing. coloring forms. usage of images. etc Companies have moved their concern over to the cyberspace and this has created several struggles with the traditional hallmark proprietors. If a traditional hallmark proprietor finds that a cyberspace concern company is utilizing a name similar to the trademark’s proprietor. so he has to turn out that the cyberspace concern is in fact utilizing the name in bad religion. seeking to thin the name of the hallmark proprietor. to make unjust competition or to make confusion in the heads of the consumer. Earlier. the NSI had a dispute declaration policy. but there was a batch of contention in the procedures. such that both opposing parties had to come to an understanding. The ICANN has implemented URDP that would be applied in all sphere name disputes that are used in bad religion. Administrations concerned with sphere name Issues When the cyberspace was ab initio started and expanded for commercial and academic usage. the non-military section of sphere name allotment was done by the NSF ( National Science Foundation ) . This was followed till 1992. and in the twelvemonth 1993. the Network Solutions Incorporation was formed which helped to register all the generic TLD’s. . net’s. . com’s. etc. Till the twelvemonth 1999. the NSI ensured that all the enrollment and allotment of 2nd degree sphere names for the major TLD’s was brought approximately. Sing that about half of all the sphere names are in the. com section. NSI had a major function to play in apportioning sphere names. They besides had some sum of control over dispute declaration procedures. However. the NSI did non hold any official mediation procedures. and was non responsible officially for sphere name struggles. Initially. the NSI provided enrollment to the sphere names on a first semen foremost served footing and did non look into the credibleness of the registering administration. This harmonizing to many has led to struggles sing sphere names across the universe. The NSI did non look into whether the sphere name was a portion of the party’s name. Slowly there was immense contention sing the mode in which sphere names were allocated and provided enrollment by the NSI. There was a immense addition in the hallmark disputes particularly in the. com TLD sphere. The IANA had no concern for legal issues over the sphere name allotments. Hence. many states including the US had concern over the allotment of sphere names over the cyberspace. In 1997. the direction of several generic TLD’s were handed over to the International Ad Hoc Committee ( IAHC ) . The administration helped in bordering 7 new generic TLD’s and guaranting greater sum of healthy competition in the 2nd degree sphere names. The NSI and the IANA were together concerned with the development of a set of regulations and ordinances for the assignment of sphere names. They developed a corporation that would hold legal power for the assignment of sphere names throughout the universe. This administration ( ICANN ) besides helped in the development of regulations and ordinances for the cyberspace sphere names. The US DOC besides played a major function in the development of the ICANN. The concluding version of the bylaws by the ICANN was released on October 2. 1998. and released by the DOC. On November 1998. the ICANN and the DOC unquestionably to jointly plan regulations. ordinances. mechanisms and methods to guarantee Domain name maps. The DOC and other administrations were interested in conveying about better competition and guaranting stableness. The function of the US authorities was easy being transferred to the ICANN. The NSI besides changed its name to Verisign. It was concerned with developing a shared enrollment system and provides services under the generic TLD’s such as. com. . cyberspace. etc. Verisign has to sell certain figure of registries in order to hold authorization of the. com registry in 2001. However. some of the registers of Verisign and ICANN still are shared from May 2001. Verisign would run assorted registers such as the. org register boulder clay 2002. the. net register boulder clay 2005. the. com register boulder clay 2007. The ICANN has allocated the. org register from 2002 to 2008 to Public Internet Registry and Verisign for the. net register from 2005 to 2011. Public and societal issues concerned with sphere name allotment The sphere name has turned out to be a immense concern theoretical account for several companies. The ads-per-click policy. which would guarantee that advertizements placed in the sphere name would do more money than the sphere itself. would guarantee that the sphere is continued. On the other manus. if the cost of the sphere is more than the advertizements. so the sphere is ceased for the following twelvemonth. There is besides a five-day grace period ( following enrollment ) . which ensures that anybody who has registered a incorrect sphere can travel back and rectify his/her error. Today. sphere names are created and dropped at a really fast rate. and therefore. people are in immense confusions. This is go oning at a really fast rate. even faster than the rate hallmarks are picked up and dropped. To guarantee certain sum of control at the rate at which the sphere names are picked up and dropped. the ICANN is supervising several registers. It has given certain figure of its registers to companies that can sell out sphere name. Such companies are known as ‘registrars’ . and they would normally be working on the. com and. net TLD. However. the ICANN has introduced a 5 twenty-four hours window period. which would let the registering organic structure to do alterations or take back the sphere name enrollment within a period of 5 yearss. The ICANN can besides urge the proprietor to do modify or even take certain sphere names registered during the window period. This would guarantee that any illegal activities or potentially abuse over the cyberspace can be prevented. At the same clip. healthy competition can be encouraged over the cyberspace. Since January 003. there has been a displacement in the direction of the. org TLD from Verisign to the Public Internet Registry. which is an administration created in 2002 maintaining the public cyberspace in head. During the mid-1990’s. the US authorities decided to switch several substructure and administration that the US authorities and the military had over the cyberspace over to private organic structures. The authorities felt that the chief ground for implementing such policies were because the industry themselves can specialize in making effectual policies and guarantee development and promotion through ordinances and policies framed over cyberspace. The US authorities besides tried to put in several institutional controls means to guarantee that the private organic structures that had certain administration over the cyberspace. Several administrations such as the ICANN and the IAHC besides felt that the international engagement was really of import in developing a sphere name policy. However. the US authorities was besides concerned that the cyberspace control may travel out of US custodies and hence framed certain rules in the signifier Green Paper and White Paper. The White paper included several features such as dominant alliance. steadiness. fight. private. bottom up coordination. representation. etc. The ICANN brought about a transportation of the DNS control from the US authorities to the planetary environment. The full involvement of the community was needed to be represented through the actions of the ICANN. which included administrations. society. communities. etc. The ICANN had a bottom-up attack of administration. Many people feel that the ICANN has made the internet really much suited for public involvements and before the ICANN had any control over the cyberspace. it was more of a private sphere that was entirely controlled by the US Federal Government. Many people say the cyberspace developed from resources of the Federal authorities and the armed forces. However. it is besides of import to observe that neither the federal authorities nor the military had any function to play in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours policy-making. decision-making and direction of the cyberspace. The policy devising and the direction of the cyberspace has developed through interactions between private administrations holding certain governments over the cyberspace. Besides. users and establishments besides play a really of import function in giving feedback to these administrations. Whatever policies are being developed by the ICANN or Verisign are done sing public benefit. By passing over the internet administration to allow governments. non merely are the jobs solved sing use. content. etc. but daily direction issues are besides good sorted out. Many people consider that by passing over the cyberspace to private administrations. the US authorities has non privatised the cyberspace. but has handed over it to the private sector decision-makers that would specialize in bordering policies and pull offing issues with respects to domain names. The NSI was the first private administration to pull off the Domain name enrollment and allotment. The NSI. ICANN and other such administration gave a batch of importance to domain name as a alone method of accessing a web site. Hence. today sphere name is considered as an of import belongings by several administrations. which would frequently be utilizing it as a hallmark. The issue of cyber-squatting was besides prevailing due to the importance given by these administrations over sphere name. Many people consider that sphere name is private belongingss. However. sing the resistances laid by other parties over the specific usage of sphere names and the execution of strong register services. show that Domain names may non precisely be private belongings. The ownership of these registers lies with the appropriate administrations. but certain sum of information is available to the populace. The ICANN has come out strongly that the information stored in the register database lies specifically with the proprietor or appliers. and merely the database as a whole is owned by the enrollment administration. Property rights and Domain names Property rights aid to specify the extent to which the rights of the person would use and the rights of the populace would stop. Several policies such as gift. estimate and institutionalisation were applied to guarantee proper enforcement of belongings jurisprudence. The proprietor of the belongings has the right to profit from his belongings and harvest the fruits. The proprietor of the IP has to profit from his right by supporting the economic benefits. The proprietor would be holding a certain monopoly with respects to his rational belongings right. but at the same clip his ownership can non be guaranteed. as all rational belongings rights instruments are non absolutely efficient. They would and should guarantee certain legitimate usage by other parties within certain bounds. The proprietor is left to use his rational belongings efficaciously such that he can except others and claim the most economic benefits. In certain instances. there may be certain surpluss which would anyhow set down in the custodies of other parties including public and the challengers. In the instance of sphere names. the IP application seem to be simple and straightforward. but over a period of clip a batch of contentions have developed necessitating a batch of legal control. Earlier it was even hard to reassign a sphere name used by one person to another. However. following the execution of several regulations and ordinances. it is now possible to reassign the sphere register from one individual to another. However. there is still controversy sing the. com register understanding between Verisign and the ICANN. Verisign would run the. com register and supply enrollment for. com’s. On the other manus. it would follow the policies laid down by the ICANN. and pay ICANN for its services ( of policy-making ) . Today several registers that carry information and inside informations sing the enrollment of sphere names do non precisely stipulate who the proprietor would be. If such an understanding is losing. so the sphere names would be owned by the registers or harmonizing to the ICANN it would be owned by the populace. If one individual administration owns such a register. so it would non assist to run into the rights of the other parties. For case. earlier. the NSI merely managed the register of. com’s. and easy other administrations such as Verisign. ICANN. etc. have been involved. This would guarantee greater stableness and sustainability. Presently. the register database has been owned by the administration that has been simply allocated duty. This does non talk lawfully of being the proprietor of the sphere names. Presently. the monopoly of the generic TLD lies with one administration and the state codification TLD rests with certain administrations that the authorities of the state has allocated to. The ICANN has freely encouraged the transportation and the reassignment of sphere name rights from one party to another. The rights are transferred in such a manner that they would stop up with proprietors who are in a better place to do effectual usage of the resources. However. transferability of sphere name registers is subjected to certain restrictions. Several generic TLD registers and the ICANN have contractual understandings. Either of the parties should be able to reassign the rights to another party with a common consent. For illustration the NSI was taken over by Verisign and so were the registers. However. the individual taking over the register may non ever do full benefit of the register and may non full the duties mentioned. In a dynamic cyberspace environment. there is besides the possibility that the new register proprietor may non do full usage and understand the importance of the contents of the register. When one company would be purchasing over the other company. the register would besides play a really of import function in the coup detat costs. The free transferring of the sphere name registers would make an instable sphere name register. In the generic TLD. the registers are monopoly. and therefore if the information of the register is non transferred during ownership transportations. the full sphere would be affected. Any belongings right instrument should guarantee that the proprietor can exert his right and besides reassign his ownership to other parties freely. However. in the instance of registers. as there a batch of jobs with respects to stableness and continuance of the system. the information of the register is non a belongings of the register administration. but in the public sphere. Domain Name Disputes and Arbitration The sudden detonation over the usage of the cyberspace in today’s universe has placed sphere names in direct struggle with hallmarks. The usage of a sphere name would use throughout the universe. as the cyberspace is accessible throughout the universe. On the other manus. the hallmark Torahs of a peculiar state would change with that of another. and therefore. there is ever a opportunity that trademark Torahs and sphere name Torahs are in direct struggle with one another. Sphere names would use to the merchandise and services of a service supplier and hence ought to be given the same protection as hallmarks. On the other manus. registers that registry sphere names give the importance of registering on a first-come-first served footing. Resistances would state sphere names contains alphabets and numbers. and therefore. measure up to go a hallmark. However. no regulation is difficult and fast. Domain name proprietors feel that the sphere names are non protected under hallmark Torahs as the cyberspace is a planetary media holding no offline restriction. On the other manus. the hallmark proprietors feel that sphere names are hallmarks and hence are apt to register for dilution. unjust competition. etc. One of the chief grounds as to why there is intense differences with respects to domain names. is due cyber-squatting. in which person would register a peculiar sphere name. and subsequently seek to sell it to the hallmark proprietor. Domain name registers are accepting enrollment of sphere names on a first-come first-served footing. and therefore any individual can register a popular hallmark as a sphere name and subsequently program to sell to the hallmark proprietor. Often the monetary values quoted by the cyber-squatters are much more than what is paid of enrollment. Besides. cyber-squatters can misapply the hallmark of the proprietor. and in bend wrongfully attract clients or stain the name of the original hallmark proprietor. In the twelvemonth 1995. the NSI framed a policy to settle differences between sphere name holders and hallmark holders. The NSI is left out of the struggle and does non hold the right to suspend the services of the sphere name holder. Slowly. the importance of the hallmark proprietors began to be felt. Trademarks proprietors can extent their services on to the cyberspace. sing that it would be an ideal environment for concern intents. Customers on the other manus may besides see sphere names being similar to brand for hunt intents. One of the agencies of work outing sphere name differences is by following the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy implemented by the ICANN in 1999. This is chiefly to work out the differences that arise between sphere name proprietors and hallmark proprietors. The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre would carry on the UDRP processs. The procedure is much faster than the tribunals. and besides the determinations given is believable and impartial. The fees that are imposed are less than the everyday tribunals. ICANN and UDRP The ICANN UDRP has been implemented for several TLD’s including. cyberspace. . com. . org. etc. However. it is non applicable to the state degree TLD’s. such as. United Kingdom. . in. etc. The dispute declaration policy would happen between the sphere name holder and the registering authorization. such as country-coded sphere registering administration. The UDRP would put the footings and conditions that would originate in instance of struggle arise between the sphere name holder and any other party. except the registrar ( ICANN ) . Harmonizing to the ICANN. certain footings and conditions need to be followed when registering for a sphere name. The registrant should guarantee that all statements made are true. complete. and the sphere name would non go against the rights of others. The sphere name so registered would non be done for an illegal cause and would non be used to get the better of any jurisprudence. Any action done for the sphere name would be lead to the proprietor being held responsible. The ICANN can reassign. modify or call off a sphere name registered if the sphere name registrant requires so. if the tribunal holding a legal power requires that the sphere name be changed or cancelled or if a relevant administrative organic structure requires that the sphere name be changed or expelled. Depending on the state of affairss. the ICANN would do a petition to the sphere name holder to execute such alterations. The URDP process would be conducted before an administrative court. Normally such courts would come into action whenever a 3rd party has an issue with a peculiar sphere name and files an application for expostulation before the ICANN. The three elements of struggles arise include: Domain name similar or bewilderingly similar to a hallmark ( and the plaintiff has filed an expostulation before the URDP ) The registrant has no involvements lawfully over a peculiar sphere name Domain names which have been registered and utilised in bad religion Merely if these three elements are proved during test before the administrative court ( by the plaintiff ) would the plaintiff be able to turn out that the sphere name registrant has registered the sphere name in bad religion. During the class of test. the plaintiff should be able to turn out certain groundss: The sphere name registrant has chiefly registered the sphere name to sell. rent or reassign the sphere name to the true proprietor subsequently ( who is the current hallmark holder ) . The sphere name registrant has registrant has tried to register the sphere name with the exclusive intent of selling the sphere name subsequently to a rival of the plaintiff. The sphere name has been registered to forestall the hallmark holder from utilizing the sphere name for his usual concern. Domain name has been registered for blockading the usual trade of the plaintiff. The sphere name registered has registered the sphere name so as to make confusion in the populace or to hold an association with the original hallmark holder and addition commercially. There is every opportunity that the people would acquire confused in such a state of affairs and may acquire attracted to the sphere name. The sphere name holder nevertheless has certain rights over the legitimate claim and usage of a sphere name. Some of the legitimate involvements of the sphere name holder include: The sphere name is being utilised for the honest involvements of the sphere name holder The sphere name holder has created a separate individuality for himself and is known most frequently by the sphere name. even though a separate hallmark does non be. The sphere name has been created for legal and non-commercial involvements. run intoing up to the just usage clauses. The sphere name has non been created to confound people with an association to a peculiar hallmark or to tarnish/dilute the image of the original hallmark holder. The plaintiff has the pick of choosing an administrative court from the assortment offered for managing that peculiar instance. The ICANN would name a panel that would discourse the instance and offer its determination based on grounds. The plaintiff or the respondent can register a individual administrative hearing before the panel if multiple differences are present. The administrative panel has the right to discourse all the instances as one or divide each out. depending up on the policy of the ICANN. The fees for the administrative process under the URDP would be paid by the plaintiff. and in instance the plaintiff requires that the panel be increased from one member to three members. the fees would besides increase and would be collectible by the plaintiff and the respondent. The ICANN would non take part in any administrative process held in forepart of the administrative panel. and at the same clip can non be held apt for any determinations given by the panel. In instance the plaintiff is able to turn out his/her point. the sphere name of the respondent would be cancelled by the administrative panel and would be handed over to the plaintiff. Once the administrative panel makes a determination. the ICANN would be informed. and the attempts would be made by the administration to inform the populace through the web site. In certain instances necessitating sensible secretiveness. attempts would be made non to print such information. If the respondent wishes to seek justness. he can farther travel to the appropriate tribunal and register his instance before. it and the ICANN would non interfere in this affair. The ICANN would within 10 yearss natural or reassign the sphere name. but in instance of a case. it would wait for so 10 yearss for the notice and non enable the determination of the administrative court. The ICANN may besides non implement the determination of the administrative court in instance a just understanding has reached between the plaintiff and the respondent sing the usage of the sphere name. The ICANN and the URDP can non be considered as grounds in any instance sing a difference of a sphere name. There may be certain periods of clip when a sphere name can non be transferred from one party to another. This may include during an administrative question. ongoing tribunal case. etc. All policies framed by the ICANN would be made known to the populace at least 30 yearss in progress before the policies are implemented. If the policies of the ICANN are non suited for a peculiar sphere name. so the sphere name holder can call off his enrollment and reapply. when the regulations are changed. The member who belongs to the administrative panel should supply an impartial and independent determination during the procedure of treatment. In instance certain determinations have to be made in an impartial manner. so the supplier should be informed of the same. The URDP process is an instrument meant to guarantee involvements of the populace and the society along with certain figure of private involvements. The URDP processs are chiefly arranged to pull off instances in which sphere names have been registered in bad religion. embezzlement or for a unlawful purpose. so as to destruct the good name of the hallmark proprietor. These instances would hence extent to state of affairss in which the sphere name are similar or bewilderingly similar to the hallmark proprietor or have been registered in bad religion. The URDP would be making individual analysis and would be supplying an appropriate determination based on the grounds and the facts

Thirty Years War Battle of Rocroi

Thirty Years' War Battle of Rocroi In early 1643, the Spanish launched an invasion of northern France with the goal of relieving pressure on Catalonia and Franche-Comtà ©. Led by General Francisco de Melo, the mixed army of Spanish and Imperial troops crossed the border from Flanders and moved through the Ardennes. Arriving at the fortified town of Rocroi, de Melo laid siege. In an effort to block the Spanish advance, the 21-year old Duc de dEnghien (later the Prince of Conde), moved north with 23,000 men. Receiving word that de Melo was at Rocroi, dEnghien moved to attack before the Spanish could be reinforced. Summary Approaching Rocroi, dEnghien was surprised to find that the roads to the town were not defended. Moving through a narrow defile flanked by woods and marsh, he deployed his army on a ridge overlooking the town with his infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. Seeing the French nearing, de Melo formed up his army in a similar fashion between the ridge and Rocroi. After camping overnight in their positions, the battle began early on the morning of May 19, 1643. Moving to strike the first blow, dEnghien advanced his infantry and the cavalry on his right. As the fighting began, the Spanish infantry, fighting in their traditional tercio (square) formations gained the upper hand. On the French left, the cavalry, despite dEnghiens orders to hold their position charged forward. Slowed by soft, marshy ground, the French cavalrys charge was defeated by the German cavalry of Grafen von Isenburg. Counterattacking, Isenburg was able to drive the French horsemen from the field and then moved to assault the French infantry. This strike was blunted by the French infantry reserve which moved forward to meet the Germans. While the battle was going poorly on the left and center, dEnghien was able to achieve success on the right. Pushing Jean de Gassions cavalry forward, with support from musketeers, dEnghien was able to rout the opposing Spanish cavalry. With the Spanish horsemen swept from the field, dEnghien wheeled Gassions cavalry around and had them strike the flank and rear of de Melos infantry. Charging into the ranks of German and Walloon infantry, Gassions men were able to force them to retreat. As Gassion was attacking, the infantry reserve was able to break Isenburgs assault, compelling him to retire. Having gained the upper hand, by 8:00 AM dEnghien was able to reduce de Melos army to its vaunted Spanish tercios. Surrounding the Spanish, dEnghien pummeled them with artillery and launched four cavalry charges but was unable to break their formation. Two hours later, dEnghien offered the remaining Spanish terms of surrender similar to those given to a besieged garrison. These were accepted and the Spanish were permitted to depart the field with their colors and weapons. Aftermath The Battle of Rocroi cost dEnghien around 4,000 dead and wounded. Spanish losses were much higher with 7,000 dead and wounded as well as 8,000 captured. The French victory at Rocroi marked the first time the Spanish had been defeated in a major land battle in nearly a century. Though they had failed to crack, the battle also marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish tercio as a favored fighting formation. After Rocroi and the Battle of the Dunes (1658), armies began shifting to more linear formations. Selected Sources: The French Phase of the Thirty Years WarFrance and the Thirty Years War

Learn About Molecular and Empirical Formulas

Learn About Molecular and Empirical Formulas The molecular formula is an expression of the number and type of atoms that are present in a single molecule of a substance. It represents the actual formula of a molecule. Subscripts after element symbols represent the number of atoms. If there is no subscript, it means one atom is present in the compound. The empirical formula is also known as the simplest formula. The empirical formula is the ratio of elements present in the compound. The subscripts in the formula are the numbers of atoms, leading to a whole number ratio between them. Examples of Molecular and Empirical Formulas The molecular formula of glucose is  C6H12O6. One molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen. If you can divide all of the numbers in a  molecular formula by some value to simplify them further, then the empirical or simple formula will be different from the molecular formula. The empirical formula for glucose is CH2O. Glucose has 2 moles of hydrogen for every mole of carbon and oxygen. The formulas for water and hydrogen peroxide are: Water Molecular Formula: H2OWater Empirical Formula: H2OHydrogen Peroxide Molecular Formula: H2O2Hydrogen Peroxide Empirical Formula: HO In the case of water, the molecular formula and empirical formula are the same. Finding Empirical and Molecular Formula from Percent Composition Percent (%) composition (element mass/compound mass) X 100 If you are given the percent  composition of a compound, here are the steps for finding the empirical formula: Assume you have a 100 grams  sample. This makes the calculation simple because the percentages will be the same as the number of grams. For example, if 40% of the mass of a compound is oxygen then you calculate you have 40 grams of oxygen.Convert grams to moles. Empirical formula is a comparison of the number of moles of a compound so you need your values in moles. Using the oxygen example again, there are 16.0 grams per mole of oxygen so 40 grams of oxygen would be 40/16 2.5 moles of oxygen.Compare the number of moles of each element to the smallest number of moles you got and divide by the smallest number.Round your ratio of moles to the nearest whole number as long as it is close to a whole number. In other words, you can round 1.992 up to 2, but you cant round 1.33 to 1. Youll need to recognize common ratios, such as 1.333 being 4/3. For some compounds, the lowest number of atoms of an element might not be 1! If the lowest number of moles is four-thirds, you will need to multi ply all ratios by 3 to get rid of the fraction. Write the empirical formula of the compound. The ratio numbers are subscripts for the elements. Finding the molecular formula is only possible if you are given the molar mass of the compound. When you have the molar mass you can find the ratio of the actual mass of the compound to the empirical mass. If the ratio is one (as with water, H2O), then the empirical formula and molecular formula are the same. If the ratio is 2 (as with hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), then multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by 2 to get the correct molecular formula. two.

Human nutrition and biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human nutrition and biology - Essay Example The process of epidemiological studies of the bacteria helps to identify the relationships between the occurrence of disease and the factors that influence it. Moreover, it also provides an insight into the transmission and prevention of the disease. The role of epidemiology is crucial in increasing the knowledge available regarding the pathological manifestations of the disease-causing organism and in recognizing which groups of people are at a risk of acquiring that disease. The intent of this paper is to develop a pathway that identifies the causative agent involved in epidemiological study using the outbreak of E. coli O157 as an example. The O157:H7 variety has been identified as one such strain that causes severe food poisoning. In order to analyze the various factors that cause the clinical manifestation of the infectious diseases caused by E. coli, one needs to appreciate that the health of the person is impacted by not only internal factors but also by external influences. The external influences encompass the risk factors such as environmental factors including climate, topography of the area, sanitary and hygienic conditions as well as the age and gender of the person (Rangel et al. 2005). There are also particular factors that can affect the health of the person. These include the substances that are produced by the pathogen itself. Infection by E. coli results due to the interaction between the causative bacteria, the environmental conditions and the host factors (Straw & Taylor 2006). Rangel, JM, Sparling, PH, Crowe, C, Griffin, PM, Swerdlow, DL 2005, Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, viewed on 1 January, 2010, Slutsker, L, Ries, AA, Greene KD, Wells, JG, Hutwagner, L & Griffin, PM 1992, ‘Escheichia coli O157:H7 Diarrhea in the United States: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features’, Annals of Internal

Humanities essay on historical, cultural and artistic periods of

Humanities on historical, cultural and artistic periods of origin of images - Essay Example his style and for the first time in art destroyed the space between the people viewing the art and the event covered in the painting, in this case the entombment of Christ (Gardner & Fred 67). During this period, paintings were required to remove all sorts of superstitions and lasciviousness. Paintings also lacked adornments with beauty to excite lust and everything in it was orderly. The counter0reformation period, as directed by the church, also removed profanity and indecency by ensuring that holiness was observed in the house of God. Caravaggio’s work, especially the entombment of Christ, were especially striking for their serenity and orderliness, unlike the Last Judgment by Michelangelo that came under attack from the Church (Gardner & Fred 69). This was especially so in the counter-reformation period with its nudity that was later covered with painting over it. Judgment day also contained the Charon, a pagan symbol. These symbols were completely absent during the counter-reformation era. Judgment day was also criticized for not showing a bearded Jesus Christ or a seated Christ, which was required to create orderliness and serenity in the counter-reformation era. Another painting from the reformation era that came under attack was the Last Supper that was criticized for its dwarfs, drunken Germans and extravagancy. The painting of Madame de Pompadour is an embodiment of the high Rococo style of art that shows the madam in a nonchalant demeanor, which symbolized her high standing in society. The painting is also tracing her progression to official mistress from the bourgeoisie and finally to lady-in-waiting. The book, bookcase and quill all point to a pleasure in correspondence and the arts, which was the norm in French high society at the time. Her pose, which shows her as relaxed and confident, points to her new leisure that, was also associated with French high society. The rococo style, while initially being prevalent in decorative arts also crept

Effect of modern technology texting and languages in academic Essay

Effect of modern technology texting and languages in academic communication language - Essay Example While it is frequently argued that the use of contractions, slang, and icons in text messaging is a signal for the development of a new language, the fact is that it signalizes death of appreciation of the written language because of its complexities. Modern technology texting and language is defined by traits and qualities that are significantly different from those of the academic communication that is otherwise carried out every day. â€Å"Short-cuts, including abbreviations, acronyms, and unique spellings [are] most prevalent in the instant message conversation, followed by pragmatic signals, such use of emoticons, emotion words, and punctuation, and typographical and spelling errors were relatively uncommon† (Varnhagen et al, 2010, p. 719). Unlike that, academic communication employs the use of proper grammar, sentence construction, and the quality of writing is governed by such factors as flow of writing, and smooth transition of ideas from one paragraph to another. There are certain factors behind the death of appreciation of written language. The first among these is the time. Typing is more time-consuming than speaking. Accuracy is another element. Typing is more prone to errors than is speaking (Herring, 2003). In an attempt to compensate for such issues, young generation communicating through the instant messaging has developed short cuts. An example of such short cuts is writing â€Å"l8r† instead of â€Å"later†. In addition to that, acronyms are frequently used in place of common phrases, e.g. use of acronym â€Å"brb† in place of the phrase â€Å"be right back† (Werry, 1996). Another quality that provides spoken language with an edge over the written language is the ease of expression of emotions in the former unlike the latter. Users of text messaging have developed the graphic pragmatic devices in support of the communication functions. Examples of these include smileys or use of expressions like â€Å"YW † in place of â€Å"you’re welcome†. New ways

Briefing Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Briefing Reading - Assignment Example According to Miller et al (2010: p.273) these firms began by discovering their hidden resources, also called asymmetries, which included building on their own unique potentials, relationships, hard-to-copy assets, knowledge and experiences. Over time, these firms were able to develop several organizational processes and designs in order to find these asymmetries, turn them into capabilities and gear them across the necessary market opportunities. As stated by Miller et al (2010: p.274), they asymmetries are hard-to-copy ways that create a difference between a firm and its rivals. For this reason, Reed discovered that his bank was different and developed ways to make that difference a valuable asymmetry that his rivals would not copy and later found a profitable market that valued it. Shana Corp, a private Canadian software company, exhibit a similar path to that of Citibank. Over time, the managers of Shana realized that the company had developed unique capabilities, which included valuable kinds of work that its rivals could not do as fast or better. This allowed the company to exploit and extend its competitive advantage over other firms. In short, the managers of Shana were able to focus on what the company was able at, reflected on it, developed and found clients that would benefit from its new capabilities (Miller et al (2010: p.274). There are three imperatives of inside-out strategy, which include discovering of asymmetries and their potential, creating capability configurations by design, and pursuing market opportunities that build on and leverage capabilities (Miller et al, 2010: p.275). It is difficult for firms to develop their hidden resources unless they have some potential edge. For this reason, firms need first to discover their asymmetries and potentials, which will serve as starting points for creating advantages as they are hard to copy. Thus, to find potential asymmetries, managers are required to do an outside and

Learning through work ( part of managing people practice ) Assignment

Learning through work ( part of managing people practice ) - Assignment Example Besides that, during my placement at Chisou Nights Bridge I also worked at the bar when the bartender was off; the restaurant was short of bar staff. I was able to observe and perform various things that were happening at the restaurant giving me practical experience. Chisou Nights Bridge offers authentic Japanese cuisine. Some of the foods served at the restaurant include Ankimo Ponzu, avocado and sashimi salad, seafood marinated in traditional Japanese vinaigrette, chicken teriyaki, beef teriyaki, blue fin fatty tuna, age gyoza, ebi tempura, egg custard, spicy miso and topped with a raw quails, flying fish roe, butter fish, braised eel, blue fin fattest tuna, and cold fresh tofu served with ginger, among others (Chisou, 2015). Eraut (2006, p.54) affirms that work placements offer contexts that are different for learning than those provided within colleges and universities. People learn in various ways. At the workplaces learning is informal and occurs as a by-product of engaging in work processes as well as activities. Proceeding further, Eraut et al. (2010, p.45) assert that work experience assists you to clarify  the type of work that best suits you, provide you with new knowledge and skills, boost your resume, enhance your confidence, provide you with experience which you can refer to in a job interview, increase the number of people who can assist you secure a bob in the future, and may also lead to an employment offer at the end of the work experience placement. One fine afternoon while doing my duty as the head waitress, I headed to the kitchen so as to manage the food orders since lunch time was rush hour. Four gentlemen and one lady all of Japanese origin entered the hotel and ordered their foods. Since it was lunch time, I figured out that all of them would order for sushi. One of them ordered for boiled spinach rolls that were seasoned with light soy sauce sprinkled with bonito flakes. The other two gentlemen

Distributors Dell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Distributors Dell - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that, due to this illicit practice which violated the contract Dell had signed with these distributors the company had to file lawsuits against their own distributors. Another mistake Dell made was that it did not foster long term relationships with distributors in order to create partnerships. There was a sense of distrust between the distributors and Dell because the distributors believed that Dell at any time would stop using their services and introduce a direct sales model in China. A third mistake the company made was that it did not invest any resources in to enhance functionality of their supply chain function with its distributors. The company could have gotten more involved in the operation of its distributors by providing managerial and technical assistance. If the company would have established a mutual relationship based on respect and high ethical standards the distributors would have seen Dell as a business allied instead of just another com pany with a product to sell. When a company creates close relationship with suppliers and distributors it enables a business to obtain concessions and favors the firm would otherwise not receive. A fourth mistake the company made was delegating market strategy to its distributors. The communication between Dell and its distributors was weak. Due to this fact the distributors moved the merchandise utilizing their own criteria without taking into consideration any strategic input from Dell. The problem with the direct model in China was that the company was entering a market in which the people had different expectations than the US market. First of all a computer purchase to a Chinese person means a lot more than to a customer in the US or Europe because a worker would have to save money for nearly two years before they could make such a purchase.  

Learning through work ( part of managing people practice ) Assignment

Learning through work ( part of managing people practice ) - Assignment Example Besides that, during my placement at Chisou Nights Bridge I also worked at the bar when the bartender was off; the restaurant was short of bar staff. I was able to observe and perform various things that were happening at the restaurant giving me practical experience. Chisou Nights Bridge offers authentic Japanese cuisine. Some of the foods served at the restaurant include Ankimo Ponzu, avocado and sashimi salad, seafood marinated in traditional Japanese vinaigrette, chicken teriyaki, beef teriyaki, blue fin fatty tuna, age gyoza, ebi tempura, egg custard, spicy miso and topped with a raw quails, flying fish roe, butter fish, braised eel, blue fin fattest tuna, and cold fresh tofu served with ginger, among others (Chisou, 2015). Eraut (2006, p.54) affirms that work placements offer contexts that are different for learning than those provided within colleges and universities. People learn in various ways. At the workplaces learning is informal and occurs as a by-product of engaging in work processes as well as activities. Proceeding further, Eraut et al. (2010, p.45) assert that work experience assists you to clarify  the type of work that best suits you, provide you with new knowledge and skills, boost your resume, enhance your confidence, provide you with experience which you can refer to in a job interview, increase the number of people who can assist you secure a bob in the future, and may also lead to an employment offer at the end of the work experience placement. One fine afternoon while doing my duty as the head waitress, I headed to the kitchen so as to manage the food orders since lunch time was rush hour. Four gentlemen and one lady all of Japanese origin entered the hotel and ordered their foods. Since it was lunch time, I figured out that all of them would order for sushi. One of them ordered for boiled spinach rolls that were seasoned with light soy sauce sprinkled with bonito flakes. The other two gentlemen

Frank Sinatra's Contribution to Elevating Las Vegas to its Current Essay

Frank Sinatra's Contribution to Elevating Las Vegas to its Current Status - Essay Example His professional career as musician spans over 60 years throughout which he has displayed a â€Å"remarkable ability to maintain his appeal and pursue his musical goals despite often countervailing trends† (Sinatra). However, his biggest contributions came in the state of Nevada, the city of Las Vegas. When Vegas was not the glamorous metropolis in the desert it is today, early casinos such as the Sahara and The Desert Inn relied on the star power of their headlining performers to bring guests into their door. However, mainly it is Frank Sinatra’s fabulous and captivating songs hits such as â€Å"Summer Wind† and â€Å"My Way,† with his irrefutable talent and ability to mesmerize an audience, which has led to Las Vegas’ enviable rise to fame. The legend was brought up in Hoboken, New Jersey, where he attended Demarest High School. After his graduation, he enrolled for journalism classes and later became a cub sports reporter. His mother, with her do mineering and stubborn nature, encouraged him to sing in a band. Subsequently, after a while, she got him a job, which would broadcast his talents through the WNEW station. He married Nancy Barbato in 1939 and had three children with her. During the time, he met the Frank Mane band by whom he signed a one year contract of performing together. This was the beginning of his career and he made his first recording with this band, performing the song â€Å"Our Love.† Once the contract was over, Frank coupled up with Henry James’s band in his bid to make himself a name in the music industry. With his hard work and enthusiasm, he recorded ten songs along with this band under the labels- Brunswick and Columbia. Then he received overtures from Tommy Dorsey to become a member of his band Frank realized that perhaps this was the break that he was looking for and he accepted the offer happily. Fortunately for him, this venture got him into the movie â€Å"Las Vegas Nights.† Besides, as another stroke of good luck, he was also able to top the charts for twelve weeks with the song â€Å"I’ll never smile again.† The Billboard and Downbeat magazines, which were dominant authorities in music ratings, featured him with high ranks among the singers of that period. He was really rising to fame, achieving so much in such short time. Within a span of just three years, 23 of his songs were among the top ten on Billboard. He then left the Dorsey band and started solo music. By this time he had acquired thousands of fans, known as ‘Bobby Soxers.’ When he made an appearance in the Paramount theatre, everyone got so wild that the crowd was literally uncontrollable. Next in Sinatra’s agenda came his debut at the Hollywood Bowl and Madison Square Garden, when he was under the contract of Columbia Records. It is relevant to note here that when a person attain certain level of a celebrity status, the town or city he hails from or lives in, also becomes a center of attraction for the masses as well as media. Thus, Sinatra’s fame also began to make Las Vegas a place of attraction. Celebrities like Gregory Peck has endorsed that Sinatra and his band need to be credited for the everlasting â€Å"sense of free-floating fun and frolic that captured the imagination of the world† (Weatherford par. 4). On the other hand, Lt Gov Lorrain Hung claims that â€Å"

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature Essay Example for Free

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature Essay There is a saying which goes, the garden is an artistic recreation of nature; a landscape painting in three dimensions. Gardens are considered as a serious art form that aims to create a balance, harmony, proportion and variety. It is distinctive by its symmetrical and controlled characteristics with the landscape beyond it considered as hazardous and hostile. As the 18th century, however, emerged, this view was changed as gardening turned towards its more â€Å"natural† style of planting. â€Å"Natural† gardens were first expressed by writers before it was attempted by garden designers. In Kirk Johnson’s article entitled English Landscape Gardens he said that this is not surprising since literature was more important in English culture than the visual arts. The essay of Sir William Temple entitled Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, which was written in 1685 and first published in 1692, praised what the author imagined as the Chinese Manner of garden style. This essay did not really caused the Europeans to imitate Chinese gardens but it helped them to open their minds to the possibility of creating gardens that differs from the formal tradition (Johnson, 1999). The Chinese imperial garden is basically built in two kinds of styles: first is a large park that is usually with a lake and islands; and the second, a small park which is more intimate because buildings are placed much closer with each other. These gardens are made to traditionally intend to depict the natural landscape of mountains and rivers. Viewed from within the garden, the Chinese design gardens as settings for everyday life. In these gardens, plants are treated in a naturalistic way and often included a water feature. One of the famous traditional Chinese imperial gardens is the Qianlong Garden situated at the Palace of Peace and Longevity in the Eastern section of the Former Imperial Palace which was constructed in the late 18th century in China during the reign of Emperor Qianlong What made this garden unique from other Chinese garden is that despite its limited space all the man-made sceneries built, played a role in beautifying the garden thus creating a harmonious whole. This garden features the famous Chinese rock formations which is the main feature that the Chinese was known for. This naturalistic view was the way that the Chinese depict their garden. Buildings where placed in this garden but due to the fact that there was a limited space of the building, the Chinese landscape designers worked on it in a more compact manner as it would not obliterate the naturalistic view of the landscape. The Kinning Lake which is almost three-fourths of the entire landscape forms part of the entire area of the Qianlong garden. This serpentine lake was transformed and beautified to depict the natural view and natural landscape that the Chinese landscape architects are known for. The English got their ideas of Chinese gardens essentially from the patterns on imported porcelain, lacquer work and silk where they got glimpses of gardens laid out without order or disposition. With these porcelains and other products, the inspiration and ideas was then set leading the new landscape architects to form works similar to the Chinese. The new style of gardening within the English landscape, pioneered by designers like William Kent, Lancelot (Capability) Brown and Humphrey Repton, swept away almost all the remnants of previous formally patterned styles. Looking at the masterpieces of these famous landscape designers, it is undeniable that the Chinese influence in gardening made its way to England during this period. One of the famous eighteenth century landscape garden created by Lancelot Brown is the Stowe Landscape Garden, where he had been the head gardener for ten years. This garden evolved from the traditional Baroque style to that which features the famous serpentine style of Brown. Similar to the Qianlong Garden of China where rocks are piled into hills and winding paths form a maze, Brown recreated a â€Å"Grecian Valley† that is an abstract composition of landform and woodland. This was an unusual composition as compared to the traditional English style that is based on symmetry and proportion. When Brown incorporated the maze form or winding paths, the traditional English style of gardens was revolutionized. The use of buildings in landscapes was the most seen influence by the Chinese. Since the English got their ideas merely on pictures rather than actual observations of Chinese gardens and the lack of detailed information, these garden buildings were quite misunderstood in Europe and tended to be over powering. The Chinese merely used garden buildings within relatively confined areas combining practicality with aesthetics. As buildings were added in the garden setting, some of the pleasing features of the Chinese architecture such as the parsols, pavilions, and bridges were adopted and mixed with the native English work. The Chinese parasols were also in fashion, these are small temples found mixed within the gardens. Later on, there were bridges that were constructed, since most Chinese influence includes small rivers, as they would depict a natural look, bridges were constructed as part of the general garden design. The Stowe Garden with its winding lake similar to the Qianlong Garden also has a bridge nestled in it as against the more traditional symmetry and with only fountains to incorporate water. Another Chinese influence to English garden is the use of Chinese ornamental details. These parsols or mini temples are incorporated on the serpentine lake which particularly depicts the Chinese influence. The more traditional style was then only benches and chairs, which is more likely symmetrical as against the naturalistic way because these mini temples serves as a place of relaxation since they are found near the lake. These are some of the things that the Chinese influenced the English gardens; however, they still do not fully depict the Chinese style but merely form part of the grand design. These ornamental details served to remind Europeans of the eighteenth century of the wondrous land of the East that during that time it was almost impossible to find any one of the larger European gardens that had not at least one Chinese pavilion. Chinese influence may be visible, but the main inspiration of these gardens came from old European paintings (Johnson, 1999). Be that as it may, there are still things that are incorporated in the English design that mainly depict the Chinese influence as part of the general inspiration. WORKS CITED: Gothien, Marie Louise. The English Landscape Garden: Chinese influence on English gardens. History of Garden Art. 1928. Johnson, Kirk. English Landscape Gardens. 9 July 1999. Retrieved from http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/garden_design/21925/3 Shouyi, Chen. The Chinese Garden in Eighteenth Century England. Tien Hsia Monthly 2 (1936): 321-339. China: Love and Loathing Acquisition of Stuff; Devaluation of Culture. Influence of the Chinese

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each year there about 250 people added to death row and only 35 of them are even executed. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment actually enforced by the United States government. Once the jury has convicted a criminal offense they go to the second part of the trial, the punishment part. If then the jury considers the death penalty, then the judge agrees that the criminal will have to face a form of execution. Lethal injection is the most widely used by todays death row criminals. For a period between 1972 to ‘76, capital punishment was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. There are many reasons for why they thought that. The death penalty was looked at a cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth amendment. This decision was switched when a new method of execution was formed. Capital punishment is a difficult issue and there are many opinions as there are people on this earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of the United States there has been over 13,000 legal executions. Texas has executed the most people since the death penalty has been reinstated in 1976. There are only about 30-60 prisoners killed yearly. â€Å"The Bible requires the death penalty for a wide variety of crimes, including sex before marriage, adultery, homosexual behavior, doing work on Saturday, and murder. It even calls for some criminals to be tortured to death by burning them alive†(SOURCE 1). Some of the things stated in the last quote were a little morbid, and made me question in what I truly believe in. John Stuart Mill once stated, â€Å" When there has been brought home to any one, by conclusive evidence, the greatest crime known to law; and when the attendant circumstances suggest no palliation of guilt, no hope that the culprit may even yet not be unworthy to live among mankind, nothing to make it probable that the crime was an exception to general character rather than a consequence of it, then I confess it appears to me that to deprive the criminal of the life which he has proved himself to be unworthy--solemnly to blot him out from the fellowship of mankind and from the catalogue of the living-- is the most appropriate as it is certainly the most impressive, mode in which society can attach to so great a crime the penal consequences which for the security of life it is indispensable to annex to it†, this was stated before Parliament on April 21, 1868. I find that in this passage a lot of good is said.

Peter The Great :: essays research papers

In 1682, Sophia Romanov sent her palace guards to get rid of her â€Å"heirs† and other conflicts with her reign. Luckily, her two brothers 16 year old Ivan, and 10 year old Peter escaped with there step-mother. Later on, Sophia declared that both Peter and Ivan are the czars of Russia. In 1689, Sophia lost the mobility of her legs. She had her guards, once again try and kill Peter. The guards, realizing that Peter was in communication with the Gods, didn’t touch Peter for they feared the wrath of God would get them. Peter instantly had Sophia banished to a tower outside the city of Moscow. Soon after, Peter married, and had an heir to the throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eight million people lived in Russia. Ninety-five percent of all of the population consisted of serfs, the merchants, nobles, and elite only populated five percent of Russia. The elite, like the serfs, were not very well educated at all. Timmerman, a knowledgeable man from Germany, taught and showed Peter all of the nautical instruments need to navigate a ship. Peter became very interested in nautical things. Peter soon left Russia and plundered Europe for knowledge, inventions, and great minds to bring back to Russia. His voyage ended in the rich and luxurious city of Amsterdam. Peter began to study Holland’s ships and navy, and hired ship builders to go home with him, and help him prepare a sea power. Peter, wanting to really learn how to build a ship, signed on as a carpenter to hide his true identity, because he wanted to work without that being a distraction. After 4 months, Peter had built a ship of his own, called the â€Å"Peter and Mary.† So on enough, he sailed out to distant countries to borrow plans for astronomical tools, mints, cannons, and weapons. During his voyage, Peter’s palace guards had started a revolt in Moscow. Peter rushed back and saw 1800 servants in chains. He knew there was more behind this revolt than just bad ruling. He had every one of his guards interrogated 6 days a week, but found no new evidence. In the end, Peter had hung 1200 men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The day Peter returned from his voyage, he went to the church about the way Russian men must crop their beards. Peter saw in Europe, that everyone had their beards very short and maintained. Instantly, Peter cut all of his general’s and servant’s beards.

Gatto’s Against School

â€Å"Gatto’s Against School† In John Taylor Gatto’s â€Å"Against School†, the author describes our educational system, from a teachers’ point of view, as boring. Not only are the students bored, but the teachers are as well. Gatto asserts that, â€Å"Teachers are themselves a product of the same twelve year compulsory school program that so thoroughly bore their students and school personnel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (683). If the teachers aren’t happy with and are bored of the educational system, the students aren’t going to have the want or drive to learn.Students want to be engaged by the teachers. If the material they’re teaching isn’t reacting to the students than maybe it’s time for a change? Like Gatto, I believe that most students only want to learn about something that they have a vested interest in. If they don’ have any interest in it, then of course they are going to be bored. Gatto suggests ways of fixin g the â€Å"boredom† within the student.The author asserts that, â€Å"Instead of receiving schooling that bores them, we encourage the best qualities of youthfulness- curiosity, adventure, resilience, the capacity for surprising insight-simply by being more flexible on time, texts, and tests, by introducing truly competent adults and giving each student what autonomy he or she needs in order to take a risk every now and then† (684). I know from my own experience that if I am challenged, and pushed to take a risk, that you can perform at your very best.If the students have to take a class with boring or dull material, than the teacher cannot expect the students to want to push themselves to do their best. Although our educational system has served us as a nation very well, the author believes that it has failed to prepare people for what lies ahead after schooling. According to Gatto, there are three main purposes for schooling, â€Å"1) To make good people, 2) To mak e good citizens, 3) To make each person his/her best† (685).Gatto believes that these values in and of themselves are not wrong, but that we can’t do enough to achieve them. The author adds the point that, â€Å"The main functions are to hold back and limit progress of the student†. I feel it is not just the educational system but the teaching as well. If there were more competent teachers that understood that the material they are mandated to teach is boring and ineffective, than they should change it, or at the very least suggest a change in material to the head of the department.If one of the purposes of our educational system is to make each person achieve his/her best, than the teachers should strive to make sure the students are getting the best possible product out there. In essence, Gatto’s â€Å"Against School† asserts that our educational system is boring and fails to allow the student to take risks by subjecting the student to the same ma terial that they either already know, or that the teachers themselves are bored with, and or don’t know enough about.After reading this essay, it is hard to disagree with what Gatto states. I believe that changing the material once in a while will allow the student to achieve higher expectations and to help the student to reach his/her personal best. Having competent teachers, will ensure the student has the best subject matter expert to be giving out the material. After all, it’s the student who suffers as he or she is there to gain the knowledge from the teacher; shouldn’t the student get the best? Gatto’s Against School â€Å"Gatto’s Against School† In John Taylor Gatto’s â€Å"Against School†, the author describes our educational system, from a teachers’ point of view, as boring. Not only are the students bored, but the teachers are as well. Gatto asserts that, â€Å"Teachers are themselves a product of the same twelve year compulsory school program that so thoroughly bore their students and school personnel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (683). If the teachers aren’t happy with and are bored of the educational system, the students aren’t going to have the want or drive to learn.Students want to be engaged by the teachers. If the material they’re teaching isn’t reacting to the students than maybe it’s time for a change? Like Gatto, I believe that most students only want to learn about something that they have a vested interest in. If they don’ have any interest in it, then of course they are going to be bored. Gatto suggests ways of fixin g the â€Å"boredom† within the student.The author asserts that, â€Å"Instead of receiving schooling that bores them, we encourage the best qualities of youthfulness- curiosity, adventure, resilience, the capacity for surprising insight-simply by being more flexible on time, texts, and tests, by introducing truly competent adults and giving each student what autonomy he or she needs in order to take a risk every now and then† (684). I know from my own experience that if I am challenged, and pushed to take a risk, that you can perform at your very best.If the students have to take a class with boring or dull material, than the teacher cannot expect the students to want to push themselves to do their best. Although our educational system has served us as a nation very well, the author believes that it has failed to prepare people for what lies ahead after schooling. According to Gatto, there are three main purposes for schooling, â€Å"1) To make good people, 2) To mak e good citizens, 3) To make each person his/her best† (685).Gatto believes that these values in and of themselves are not wrong, but that we can’t do enough to achieve them. The author adds the point that, â€Å"The main functions are to hold back and limit progress of the student†. I feel it is not just the educational system but the teaching as well. If there were more competent teachers that understood that the material they are mandated to teach is boring and ineffective, than they should change it, or at the very least suggest a change in material to the head of the department.If one of the purposes of our educational system is to make each person achieve his/her best, than the teachers should strive to make sure the students are getting the best possible product out there. In essence, Gatto’s â€Å"Against School† asserts that our educational system is boring and fails to allow the student to take risks by subjecting the student to the same ma terial that they either already know, or that the teachers themselves are bored with, and or don’t know enough about.After reading this essay, it is hard to disagree with what Gatto states. I believe that changing the material once in a while will allow the student to achieve higher expectations and to help the student to reach his/her personal best. Having competent teachers, will ensure the student has the best subject matter expert to be giving out the material. After all, it’s the student who suffers as he or she is there to gain the knowledge from the teacher; shouldn’t the student get the best?

India cinema Essay

India cinema over the ages has developed a flavor and aroma of its own. The vibrancy and exuberance of our cinema is unparalleled across the globe. India cinema, over the year, has transcended the barriers of language, art and culture, broken all the bonds and crossed all borders to colour the entire world with is emblematic song, dances, music, melodrama and didacticism. India cinema has a bit of everything. It has the capacity to imbibe all the shades and every spice of life within its ambit. It has been mystifying, enthralling, enchanting and entertaining millions since a long long time now. Every today, watching cinema is the most popular mode of entertainment and a favourite pastime of people from all section of society transcending over cast, creed, race or religion. In fact, bollywood after cricket is a sub-religion of the country. From the most common man to the intellectual and the elites-all enjoy watching movies in their leisure time with their friends and families. Cinema works as a great unifying factor which brings together the high and the low, the rice and the poor , the young and the old-all under the same roof for next two or three hour . It entertains without discrimination, thrill and tickles without knowing a difference man and man. I too, like watching movies with my parents and friend in my spare time. Last year, Sahara Motion Picture initiated a new era in India cinema. The long awaited animation movies for children were released and it runs successfully in theaters all over the country. Not only children but also teenagers, old and young, all cinema halls in large number to watch-Hanuman. I too had been waiting for the movie eagerly. Once the movie was released, my friend’s family and mine made plans to watch the movies in our nearest theater on the ensuing Sunday. We all were extremely excited. In fact, my friend and I could hardly wait for weekend. On the appointed Sunday, we reached the theatre filled with thrill excitement through and through. Predictable, none of us were disappointed after watching the movie. Since then, it has become one of my favourite movies. The movie is a fabulous animation of the legend of the faithful friend and follower of Lord Ram and his greatest accomplice in the battle against Ravana. The movie traces the entire life-story of Hanuman-right from his birth to the fulfillment of the aim which he was bore. The stories begin with sin and wickedness increasing on the earth and all the Gods rushing to Brahma-the Creator for his protection. The movie brilliantly captures the miraculous birth of Hanuman and his innocent childhood pranks to his education from the Sun god. The scene when the little Hanuman wakes up and mistakes the sun peeping form behind a mango tree to be mango and rushes to eat it out of grave hunger is one of my favorites. The way he reaches the sun and fight Rahu is extremely interesting. Hanuman- who is the incarnation of Lord Shiva grows up loved and pampered and gradually being trained for his great appointed task. As he grows up, he meets Lord Ram who is also growing up in his palace with his brothers. I particularly enjoyed the scene where Lord Shiva and Hanuman was extremely amusing with his multi-coloured cap and his extraordinary feats amused all of us extremely. Even the Kite scene when little Ram’s kite gets lost amidst the clouds and Hanuman disguising as the monkey is also my favourite scene. The rest of the movie too is interesting. One never loses interest throughout the movie. The movie, all through, captivates one’s attention thoroughly. The other scene, which really liked, is the ones when Hanuman goes to Lanka to search Sita. The entire sequence of the scenes thereafter is my favourite. L really liked each and every scene-the way Hanuman burns down the entire Lanka to teach Ravana a lesson and the scene later of the famous Kumbhakaran with his legendary sleep and appetite. In short, there is nothing that I don’t like about the movie. Enjoyed every bit of it and all the more so in the company of my friend and my family. I like the movie not only because it is entertaining but also because it teaches a lot about our rich and ancient mythology and the Hindu religion to us. It is usually seen that we don’t get the opportunity to know about our religion and the legends in our mythology in normal course of our lives. The movie is didactic and educative for children as the honest Hanuman, which he harbours for his lord Ram. The movie not only enriches and educates the innocent and fertile young minds but also the old adults alike. The movie was not only like by we friend but also by our parents which was a proof of how wonderful the movie was, even though but also by our parent which was a proof of how wonderful the movie was, even though an animation caters to the need of a specific age group and strata of the society. The animation was of best quality, the special effects very graphical and the morals and l hope we get many more such movies to see in the near future which educate as well as entertain the viewers irrespective of their age, cast, culture religion or race.