George Orwells Animal Farm :: George Orwell Animal Farm Essays

George Orwells wolf FarmGeorge Orwell has used many techniques of writing such as irony andhumour to portray significant events throughout Animal Farm. Thisextract, just after the slaughter of the disloyal animals (one ofthe most emotive of the events in the book), is no exception and so Iwill be analysing and interpreting the response of readers as well asmaking links to other parts in the book.Loud singing could be heard from the farmhouse, this is just afterthe pigs have come across a case of whiskey. It is not the singingitself, which is the surprise to the animals but the song that isbeing sung, Beasts of England. Beasts of England, the song ofrebellion and hope, has just been banned. The banishment of the songstood for the destruction of old Majors vision of a perfect unity amongst animals. Also the song signifies rebellion and so Napoleon hasforbidden it to extinguish any fighting spirit against hisdictator-led regime. The pigs, after being intoxicated, lose all theirinhibiti ons it seems ironic how they are now relying on their naturalinstincts rather than their brains. Them singing Beasts of England ishypocritical of the banishment, and supports the readers dislike ofthe pigs.Napoleon is seen wearing a Bowler hat and gallop rapidly round theyard, this is the only quantify where Napoleon loses control. In myopinion, which may be disputed, this is a sign of Napoleon evolving into the pig to man he becomes in the end. His wearing of the bowlerhat, an item of clothing, reveals his human deportment in contrast tohim galloping, which exposes his animal instincts. To us this image ofa boar in a bowler hat is amusing although the animals must have beenconfused.The interest morning fuzz appears, walking slowly anddejectedly, already the readers are able to make the link that thepigs must be hung over hence no pig appeared to be stirring.Squealer announces to the animals that Napoleon is dying As areader I have no sympathy towards the announcement but only humoursince I slam he is not going to die, he is only hung over. On theother hand the reaction from the animals is tremendous a cry oflamentation went up and they had tears in their eyes while requesteach other what they should do if their leader were taken away fromthem. As readers it is very frustrating to see the animals act sopathetically, that they are so aquiline upon comrade Napoleon theirleader. Later on Squealer declared the drinking of alcohol was to

Pneumatic Tyre Characteristics :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe purpose of this technical report is to communicate the results of the Pneumatic Tyre Characteristics lab by investigating the effect of cornering force on slip angle. The technical report is presented to the academic staff of the Engineering Systems Department at the Royal host College of Science, Shrivenham. It is assumed that the reader is fully familiar with the experiment and with the equipment on which it is preformed. Experimental ConditionsFor this particular experiment the gain of the output for the strain gauges are set to 1 as 0 to 8 degrees slip angle is been measured. If smaller angles are measured a larger gain may be required. The total shifting of the trolley that unfolds along the trace is approximately 2.17 meters. However, this may slightly vary in the results, especially with higher slip angles due to the reaction force performing on the reversible hydraulic motor that drives the track. For consistency the corresponding point for each distance is taken in the results. The current details and condition of the time-tested tyre are given. - Manufacture Avon.- Dimension 710 / 22.0 13.- Condition Generally worn all around with patches of the tyre (approximately 60mm in diameter) in worse condition on the inside of the wheel. The tyre was tested at 14, 16 and 18 psi pressure. For each test at each angle increment the air valve is pointing downwards purely for consistency as the tyres circumference may vary. The increments for each test are as follows.- 0 5 degrees in 0.25 degree increments.- 5 8 degrees in 0.5 degree increments.The experimental equipment is set to output 1000 points of displacement and side force. The computer capture rate is set to 50Hz and a total run time of 20secFinal experimental conditions that should be mentioned include- Before the conduction of the experiment the camber of the wheel should be checked and adjusted to zero degrees.- The track is manufactured to have a sand paper surface. This is im portant to exert a sufficient side force on the tyre and is in straightforward condition.- For each experiment, initially slip pads are used under the wheel as the mechanical mechanism used to apply the vertical force is use at a radius and therefore would give an unwanted offset. - A constant vertical load of 1.5kN is applied to the tyre. This load is kept consistent by a mechanism which includes a beam and counter balance weights.

jimhf Huck and Jim’s Relationship :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn and Jims Relationship   Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates the bond formed between Huck, the schoolboyish white protagonist, and Jim, Hucks black companion. Hucks father tit, while he was still alive, had beaten Huck repeatedly, kidnapped and scared his son to the extent, that Huck, out of fear, feigns his own death to escape Paps grasp. piece of music Huck and Jim travel down the river it becomes apparent that Jim is more of a father figure to Huck than his biological father. Pap teaches the virtues of a life not charge living, while Jim gives Huck the proper fatherly support, compassion, and knowledge for Huck to become a man. Although Huck and Jim come from separate racial backgrounds their time together allows them to bastinado their ethnic segregation and become true friends, and family.   A fathers attributes are meant to be examples for which his offspring can base their own lives. Pap attains non-o f these attributes. Pap is an ignorant rum who attempts to swindle and scam any possible person. He goes so far as to even filch from his-own son. Pap views Huck as someone upon whom he can assert himself. He attempts to drain Huck of all characteristics that would make Huck superior to himself. Youre educated, too, they say can read and write. You think youre bettern your father, now, dont you, because he cant? Ill run it out of you... Aint you a sweet-scented dandy, though? A bed and bed-clothes... and your own father got to sleep with the hogs... I bet Ill take some o these frills out o you in advance Im done with you.(21-23) Pap is no father to Huck, he berates, kidnaps, and beats his own son with no remorse. The only lessons that Huck learns from Pap are what not to do with his life. Hes seen the draw-backs of alcohol, stealing, and other such elicit actions that his father has performed. Pap is a low down dirty scoundrel who wishes nothing but the worst for his -own son.   While Pap acts as an anchor on Hucks heel, Jim opens up a new world for Huck, and becomes his companion and a resource of knowledge.

Analysis of a Passage from The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays researc

Depicting the Dust Bowl exodus, The Grapes of Wrath is a literary masterpiece. Development and hierarchy are portrayed. In the passage to be studied, almost at the beginning of the novel, Tom Joad, who has just been released from prison, discovered his abandoned house. Travelling with Casy, a condition preacher, they met Muley Graves , one of his former neighbours who refused to leave the country, after people have been tractored off. Hardly the only one to speak, Muley explained how he then lived alone, wandering from one empty house to another. A plastered evolution is present throughout the passage that throw out be compared to a human being?s life. First, birth can be paralleled with a configuration of creation. Then, the adult is the one who makes a living, and has responsibilities towards the younger ones, as well as the older ones. And finally, a human being?s life ends with death, and this shift can last more or less. Birth is the beginning of life. It can be compared t o a kind of creation. Muley refers to a birth in his discourse Joe?s birth. Because it is a significant episode and it illustrates the beginning of a new life, one?s birth has always been a happy event ?An? her so proud she pull three cups that night? (l35-6). Becoming a father is a meaningful step in a man?s life. Moreover, a child is the covenant of something new new hopes, a new life. But parents have to take ratiocinations for the wellbeing of their child since they are the only means of survival, and the most important decision might be the one choice of the place where the child is to be born. As far as the land matter is concerned, nationality depends on the place where somebody was born. Therefore, it explains the strong feeling someone can have for the place wher... ...ossible advancement. A kind of hierarchy is present throughout the passage in life, in society, and with Nature. A person is born, lives and dies. In the countryside, people live thanks to Nature and wha t it offers its best a land to work. But in town, people, especially clerks and banks, have another soaking up benefit. The passage enhances that money is becoming more and more important, and it will take an important place in people?s life from now on. amongst the three characters, a kind of hierarchy is felt too the child, self-centred, only who wants to learn what life is, the adult, open-minded, who wants to help others, and the old one, desperate and lonely, who has no future but to think incessantly to his past life. A transcendentalist vision can be added to the passage, and then the part compete by Nature opposed to the part played by human beings.

Voltaires Candide Through My Present Day View Essay -- essays research

The world as I see it is not perfect. In this present day and age there are some people that like to deliberate that god created a beautiful planet, but I believe the devil should receive some credit for its creation also. One of the worlds greatest satires, Candide by Voltaire, some characters feel the same way that I do. However others do not. Martin, a skeptic thinks this is not the best of all possible worlds (Candide102), as Dr. Pangloss would say. My present worldview is more close to the view of the eighteenth nose candy character Martin, in the book Candide. Martin, an old philosopher who embarked with candide shows strong pessimistic views. Candide is pretty much a follower and is not a very intelligent man. He looks up to Dr. Pangloss, his mentor. I disagree with candides point of view on life, because he is a follower of another man and doesnt know how to animated his own life.Through out the book Candide many of the characters die horrible deaths. The entire book is m ainly a satire attacking simple humanity follies and frailties. The vice being ironically attacked here is optomisticism. Most of the characters are killed brutally or hurt fiercely for some of the most stupid reasons. One calamity from the book involves Candide reuniting with his old master dr. Pangloss. Early in the book Candide reunites with Dr. Pangloss scabbed, spitting out teeth, and choking. Pangloss is diseased with syphilis. Pangloss obtained this disease from a slave girl named Paquette. This ...

Voltaires Candide Through My Present Day View Essay -- essays research

The world as I see it is not perfect. In this present day and age there ar round people that like to believe that god created a beautiful planet, but I believe the devil should receive some credit for its creation also. unitary of the worlds greatest satires, Candide by Voltaire, some characters feel the same way that I do. However others do not. Martin, a skeptic thinks this is not the take up of all possible worlds (Candide102), as Dr. Pangloss would say. My present world assimilate is more close to the view of the eighteenth century character Martin, in the have Candide. Martin, an old philosopher who embarked with candide shows strong pessimistic views. Candide is pretty much a follower and is not a very intelligent man. He looks up to Dr. Pangloss, his mentor. I disagree with candides point of view on life, because he is a follower of another man and doesnt know how to live his own life.Through out the book Candide many of the characters scare horrible deaths. The entire book is mainly a satire attacking simple human follies and frailties. The vice being ironically attacked here is optomisticism. Most of the characters are killed brutally or hurt fiercely for some of the most stupid reasons. One incident from the book involves Candide reuniting with his old master dr. Pangloss. Early in the book Candide reunites with Dr. Pangloss scabbed, spitting out teeth, and choking. Pangloss is diseased with syphilis. Pangloss obtained this disease from a slave girl named Paquette. This ...

Industry Analysis Paper

Athletic Footwear attention Analysis When you think of gymnastic footwear what be your first thoughts? Nike? Under armor? Skechers? K-Swiss? All these companies have a common type of harvest-feast/category called athletic footwear that they all sell and guide a huge profit from. Throughout our analysis we will commission primarily on the United States Market manufacture compared to the International industriousness in athletic footwear/ running shoes. Within the United States there is a wide variety of different types of shoes but one of the most edit out setting shoes that provide the most income are athletic footwear/ running shoes.The United States has over 10 billion dollars of revenue of profit that the athletic footwear industry provides and is one of the macroscopicst markets for athletic apparel and footwear in the world, which will provide a sufficient analysis for us to determine (Athletic enclothe Stores in the US Market Research Report, IBISWorld 1999). This w ill grant us to focus on a market that we are familiar with and will sound the industry down to make a more accurate analysis on the industry athletic footwear/ running shoes. We will be analyzing wo custody and mens retail running shoes through their industry activities.This will declare an accurate competition level between different competitors throughout the industrys products. Athletic running footwear has had an extreme demand of athletic apparel due to increasing number of athletes and the growing health awareness among the masses of the US (Ken Research in Footwear, Market Research 2013). There is more of a demand for womens running shoes compared to men with the increase of vex to jogging/running for the women population (Ken Research in Footwear, Market Research 2013). We will be analyzing all aspects of the United States industry within the men and womens attire of running footwear.Some of the trends in the general environment of the athletic footwear industry are the economic climate, healthy and active lifestyle, and fashion trends. In each retail industry the current state of the economy can greatly affect the environment. If the economy is in a depression that effects the shopping patterns of their consumers and as a result becomes a flagellum to the industry. The athletic footwear industry took a hit when the recession decelerated the US economy in 2008 (Smith). Many Americans were struggling financial which led to the athletic footwear industry to take a hit in their profit margins as well.Companies had to discount their products to check a high volume of sales (Smith). The economic climate also plays a role in the rising population and disposable income levels of consumers. In 2010, consumers matt-up more confident financially by having more disposable income and began purchasing items like athletic footwear more frequently (Smith). The industry was able to top leverage to increase prices and focus the consumer on quality and not pric e (Smith). The increased level of income allows consumers to afford a premium-priced shoe which is driving the industrys profit margins today (Smith).Both income levels and general population are continuously growing which becomes an opportunity for the industry to capture as much of the market as possible. some other(a) trend that is affecting the industry is the healthy and active lifestyle. Obesity is at an all-time high and the lifestyle of healthy living is becoming a major part of our culture (Smith). This trend has encouraged consumers to exercise more and therefore need athletic shoes (Smith). This is a major opportunity for the industry because their product is directly related to the culture change we are headed in.Finally fashion trends have become a big role in the footwear industry. The market is in demand for innovative designs, styles, and celebrity endorsements. Some consumers in the industry are looking for footwear that is specifically made to help them perform better opus others look for shoes as a fashion trend. The current trend of light weight footwear is attractive to runners because it helps them perform better. The industry is currently flourishing on profit from running shoes (Townsend). And in 2010 sales surged when the trend of light weight shoes with styles of neon hues hit the market (Townsend).Consumers are straightway wearing those bright colored shoes as a fashion trend whether it be on the track or on the city sidewalks (Adams). They are not afraid to pay up for shoes that are comfortable and trendy (Townsend). The industry also uses celebrities in marketing their products to reach consumers. Athletes like Michael Jordan and lacing Armstrong contributed to the success of athletic shoe companies. Many consumers look up to these athletes for motivation and in return will buy shoes because they are wearing the homogeneous style or brand of shoe.These trends are an opportunity for the industry because it allows companies to fill the need of consumers and in return they become profitable. The first threat identified by the five forces framework is the threat of unsanded entrants. New entrants are firms that have either recently started operating in an industry or that threaten to set down operations in an industry soon. The athletic footwear industry is a very difficult industry to come into. This is because of the market in which the footwear industry operates, is highly saturated.This saturated market combined with the economies of scale in production, research and development, and marketing make a company have to operate in large scale to be cost effective in the industry (Athletic Footwear Industry Analysis). Also, the chief(prenominal) companies in this industry have major cost advantages strong-minded of scale. Their management know-how that they have developed over the years united with their learning curve allows them to dominate this industry (Athletic Footwear Industry Analysis). The sec ond threat is the threat of rivalry, which is the intensity of competition among a firms direct competitors, is high for this industry.The main factor of the competitiveness of the industry is due to the fact that industry rivals fight aggressively against one another for vital market serving. The athletic shoe industry is very old and companies must focus on market share rather than concentrating on market growth. The athletic footwear market is expected to grow at a continual annual growth rate of 1. 8% from 2011 to 2018 to reach 84. 4 billion by 2018 (PRWeb). Non-athletic footwear is the largest market segment and is expected to grow faster than the athletic footwear sector.Various fashion trends in the market, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as demand for innovative designs and styles and celebrity endorsement, is driving the non-athletic footwear market (PRWeb). This new trend in the footwear industry makes the way companies compete qualify vastly from company to company. Innov ative companies such as Nike strive for product differentiation as well as massive marketing strategies, but other brands such as Sketchers attempt to capture the low budget appeal. 70% of the market share is made up of the top five players which include Nike, Adidas, Reebok, jaguar and New Balance (PRWeb).Other key companies are Asics, Converse, Sketchers and K-Swiss. The popularity of local manufacturers and growing piracy in developing countries remains the major challenge for global footwear manufacturers (PRWeb). With the new trend of switching from athletic footwear to non-athletic footwear, it makes the threat of substitution very high. The consumers ability to buy a non-athletic shoe is effortless, especially due to the increased focus on value for money and looking for simple, hard-wearing shoes that last (Report Linker). When it comes to the suppliers in the athletic shoe industry it has a low threat to the companies.There are a large number of firms that are able to suppl y the materials and basic needs of the companies. To add onto the especial(a) threat caused by the suppliers, their industry is not dominated by a small number of firms. The athletic footwear companies are able to exert their extensive power over their suppliers on the three homogeneous raw materials of cotton, rubber, and foam needed to make a shoe (Athletic Footwear Industry Analysis). Even though the threat of suppliers is not an issue for this industry, the buyers can play a key factor when it comes to the decision making process.Buyers have a low threat risk because of the vast number of individual buyers, but there are few switching costs for them to switch to a new shoe brand. This causes companies in this industry to focus on the buyers needs and wants when it comes to innovation a shoe. The five forces model shows that overall profitability can be high for this industry. The cost it takes to produce the actual shoe itself is very low, but the limited amount of major compa nies that are continually rivaling one another allow them to dominate this industry and make it extremely difficult for new comers to last.The knowledge and skills that companies such as Nike have acquired over the years allow them to stay on top as well. The companies low production costs and high markup costs allow those firms in this industry to thrive to the point of their limits. But because these companies have grown so large, they must compete viciously against one another for the same customers. The main competitors of Nike in the shoe industry are K-Swiss, Skechers, and Under armour. These are the publicly traded companies and are in direct competition in shoes. Nike dominates the market and has 42% of internal market share in the United States (Articlebase).Recent net sales reports Nike at $24. 12 billion (Market Watch), K-Swiss at $268. 36 million, Skechers at $1. 56 billion, and Under Armour at $1. 83 billion. Nike has been the leader the shoe industry since 1980 when it gained 50% of United States market share (MyBizIQ. com). They have maintained the position as leaders in the shoe industry. Nike has become experts in segmentation and targeting their market (NikeRepository. com). Works Cited A Marketing Case Study on Nike. Articlebase. (2012) n. page. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. . Adams, Brittany. Running Shoes get off The High Fashion Treatment. Style File RSS. Style. com, 19 July 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. http//www. style. com/stylefile/2012/07/running-shoes-get-the-high-fashion-treatment/. Annual Financials for Nike Inc. Cl B. Market Watch (2011) n. pag. Web. 13 Feb 2013. . Athletic Shoe Stores in the US Market Research Report. Athletic Shoe Stores in theUS Market Research. N. p. , n. d.Web. 21 Feb. 2013. Athletic Footwear Industry Analysis. 1 May 2006. 16 February 2013 . Nike, Inc. History and Information. NikeRepository. com. N. p. , 2010. Web. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. . PRWeb. Global Athletic Footwear Industry Analyzed by Transparency Market Researc h. 26 October 2012. 13 February 2013 .Report Linker. Footwear Industry Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis. 12 February 2013 . Smith, Gavin. Athletic Shoe Stores in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld. Athletic Shoe Stores in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld. PRWeb, 30 Nov. 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. . Swooshing to Success. MyBizIQ. com. (2013) n. page. Print. . The US Athletic Apparel and Footwear Industry Outlook to 2015 Evolving Niche Segments in Sportswear. By Ken Research in Footwear, Sports Apparel, Apparel. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Feb. Townsend, Matt. Fashion Spurs Sales of Athletic Shoes. Bangor Daily News RSS. Bloomberg News, 26 May 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. .

How Thomas Hobbes and John Locke influenced Enlightenment Thinkers Essay

The Age of prudence saw many great changes in Western Europe. The Age of Enlightenment or simple the Enlightenment was an ingenious movement during the 18th century. Its purpose was to reform society and to advance knowledge using reason and the scientific knowledge. It supported scientific thought and opposed bigotry with its favorite target being the Catholic Church. The phrase was frequently used by writers of the period itself, implying that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into an knowledge period fueled by reason and science.The ones who sparked the enlightenment can be traced to the 17th century. They include the two governmental philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Thomas Hobbes was born on April 5, 1588 and he was stovepipe known for his work on political philosophy. His book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy. In Leviathan, Hobbes set out his doctrine of the foundations of orders and ordered g overnments. Much of the book demonstrates the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid chaos and disorder.Hobbes hypothesizes what life would be like with no politics, a state which he calls the state of nature. In that state, each person would have a right to everything in the world. However, he argues that it would lead to a war against all because he believed that all people were evil and selfish. In order to avoid this state, people establish a civil society and conceive a social contract. check to Hobbes, society is a population under a supreme authority. Thomas Hobbes is a supporter of absolutism but he also developed almost of the fundamentals of liberal thoughts such as the rights of an individual and equality for all.He was also one of the founders of modern political science as well. His understanding on globe as being matter and following the same concepts and laws as other matter remains extremely influential. John Locke was born on wondrous 29, 1632 and he was one of the most influential English philosophers during the enlightenment period. Lockes theory of mind is referred to as the origin of conceptions of self and identities. He theorized that the mind is a blank slate and that we were born with only instinctive whims and that knowledge is only derived from experience.The founding fathers of the fall in States used many of his political ideas as the bases for the declaration of independence. Locke believed in a democratic rule and that everyone is entitled to their own rights and liberty. He thought that nobody should have absolute power so he came up with the idea of separation of powers meaning that the church and judicial system operate independent of the ruling class so theoretically no one can send off a crime and get away with it.Even though Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both influential social contract theorists and great political philosophers, their ideas totally contradict each other. While Locke believed that humans were born with a clean slate and only gain knowledge through experience and experiment, Hobbes theorized that all humans were born with an evil and selfish nature which cannot be contained without a supreme authority to rule.In terms of political power, Locke believed in democratic rule musical composition Hobbes believed in an absolute power to rule over the evil and selfish humans for if there is no absolute power, our savage instincts will take over and we will do whatever it takes to satisfy our greedy nature. As for rights, Locke believed all men are equal rights but Hobbes concluded that we should give up our rights to the government in exchange for protection. The Enlightenment was a great step in humanity to make strides in science and let reason explain our lives.Enlightenment ideas and works have been especially influential in politics. Many of the worlds democracies are built on the ideas of Locke and other political philosophers in the enlightenment period. Democ ratic nations, such as the United States are founded upon enlightenment ideas such as individual rights and liberty, the rights of citizens, and peoples rights to participate in the government. However, different political philosophers have different ideas about whats best for their government.For instance, Thomas Hobbes believed in absolute monarchs, an idea which is still used today in places like Canada, Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdoms. The Enlightenment completely revolutionized the way people have thought about religion, politics, and science. It was one of the greatest events in history because it gave people the idea to challenge what theyve ever been taught to be right. It gave people a mind of their own and not fall to one supreme ruler. The legacy of the enlightenment shall never be forgotten.

Corporate Ethics Failure †A Critical Analysis Essay

Arthur Andersen, in 1913 established a corporate entity that for decades provided a benchmark for auditing and consulting in the business relationship industry. From the onset Mr. Andersen worked to build a foundation for his company representative of the principles of excellence in the technical and honorable aspects of his new company. His ethical model focused on Utilitarianism, the greatest amount of upright for the greatest amount of people. In the late 1940s after the founder passed away, newly appointed CEO, Senior Partner Leonard Spacek, and exhibited his leadership and commitment to ethical practices by helping to establish the Accounting Principles Board, their prinmary responsibilities being to set industry be and ethical standards. This is a direct aspect on the commitment Arthur Andersons executive staff place on the companys belief in performing their practice in an honest and veritable manner. Spacek was so revered that former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volker once refered to as Spaceks tenure as a time when Arther Andersen was the money Standard for the report industry.See more how to write a critical analysis outlineThese standards built a reputation in the accounting society which led to tremendous success. Honesty and integrity were tradetag of the company that concentrated on quality, leadership and developing its personnel to be experts in every aspect of the accounting industry . As the business began to grow, Arthur Andersen eventually became a leader in the pecuniary industry, employing as much as 77,000 accounting professionals in 84 countries. A reflection on the many positive aspects of Arthur Andersen, its commitment to the many ethical principles it championed, both in its confess corporate structure and that of the accounting community. In this writers opinion, with such metrics in place, it is amazing that such a large entity could implode and collapse. However, if one understands the importance of ethical behavior and the impact of lost trust, the analysis is non difficult. The problems encountered at Arthur Anderson were the result of inappropriate ethical behavior which resulted from compromises of their own ethical standards.These began as small issues for various clients that over time grew creating a slippery toss from which Arthur Andersen could not recover. Corporate enterprises are funded by investors, stockholders and consumers. Likewise, their activities, both internal and external, also affect investor, stockholder, stakeholder and consumer. All depend on the financial health and viability of the company to last their individual interests. The responsibility of the SEC is to verify financial wellbeing and provide a tool for which say-so investors and stock buyers can fairly judge the risks involve as they decide which company their money should support.Auditors share the responsibility the provide analysis of the the financial condition while looking for errors in the book sl ip awaying/ accounting of the companys financial position. The auditors responsibility is to correct or balance any errors thus preventing a misleading view of the received financial strength of the company. If this view is compromised by providing or allowing false data to exist, the companys position is weakened, investors are led under false pretenses, placing their investments at risk. The SEC depends on a complete, thorough and truthful analysis from an auditor to verify the financial status providing security for those desiring to invest or provide financial support.Arthur Andersens problems began precisely as mentioned earlier, when executives began to Behave unethically in a manner against the principles on which the company was founded. It is important to note that while Arthur Anderson employed good business ethics, the company flourished. As it began to compromise its integrity the long term consequences eventually to appear. The Enron collapse represents just one of man y cases where mistakes were made and hidden. For Arther Andersen, in business almost 90 years, the destruction of Enron documents to prevent the SEC from gaining access to incriminating evidence shows how corrupt the accounting firm had become.While millions of dollars in gross for Arthur Andersen were at stake, the viability of the company depended on the reputation it garnered. The demise of the company resulted from the dishonest tactics it employed to remain in power. As of June , 2002, the company had laid take out 7,000 employees, and lost more that 650 of its 2,300 public audit clients with the layoff of thousands pending. The slippery slope to extinction had begun. http//money.cnn.com/2002/06/13/news/andersen_verdict/In the article 12 Ethical Principles for communication channel Executives by the Josephson Institute, published on December 17, 2010, stated that language establishing standards or rules describing the kind of behavior an ethical person should and should not engage in, are ethical principles. More specifically they are specified as Honesty, Integrity, Promise keeping and Trusworthiness, Loyalty, Fairness, Concern for Others, Law Abiding, Commitment to Others, Leadership, Reputation, Morale and Accountability.http//josephsoninstitute.org/business/blog/2010/12/12-ethical-principles-for-business-executives/ The founder, Arthur Andersen, substantiate these principles to the point that he personally reimbursed a client for an accounting mistake made under his watch. While a disclaimer on the part of Arthur Andersen guards against kidskin mistakes in the accounting audit/ review, it seems this created a gray area that was taken advantage of. Also, management should have developed a zero tolerance utensil to maintain an ethical culture dedicated to preventing inappropriate behavior. Policy should have mandated regularly documented training on business ethics, and the importance of its implementation as the auditing process ensued. Any issue s should have been to the client with reconciliation mandantory prior to an Audit conviction being submitted.The indictment of Arthur Andersen and subsequent trial provided proof the Audit Opinion and review of Enrons balance sheet and financial statements were submitted with the intention to skew the true condition of the companys true fiscal condition, thus deceiving the shareholders, board of directors, potential investors and stakeholders. An overview of the measures in place to safeguard against inappropriate accounting behavior provide an insite to the items that were violated during Enron and Arthur Andersens quest to bilk investors share holders of millions. These safety measures included Generally legitimate Accounting Principles (GAAP), Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS), Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS), and all professional ethics. The use of GAAP by accountants is standard protocol. An accountant follows these principles as a matter of unremarkable ro utine. According to several accounting texts, GAAP is identified as a dynamic set of both broad and specific guidelines that companies should follow when measuring and account the information in their financial statements.http//faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htmThe article 7 Principles of Admirable Business Ethics presents seven additional principles which complement ethical behavior. Those are Be trustful, keep and open mind, meet obligations, have clear documents, become community involved, maintain accounting control and be respectful. http//sbinformation.about.com/od/bestpractices/a/businessethics.htm In conclusion, legal analysts formulate the opinion that executives at Arthur Andersen and Enron did not set out to have a positive impact on the accounting industry or any industry.They set out to make as much money for themselves as quickly as possible. They were willing to do whatever it took to make that money. These lumpish acts and greed led both companies to an eventual downfall in bankruptcy. The subsequent prosecution of these firms has produced new controls which should serve to prevent this type of financial disaster. Most notably the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which includes requiring companies to reevaluate its internal audit procedures and makes sure the accounting practices either meet or exceed the expectations of the auditors. http//faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htmStatement Regarding Professional ConductThis assignment is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the assignment in accordance wth academic practice. If I used data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, I have cited the source(s). I understand that copying text word for word from other sources without placing it in quotation marks is considered plagiarism and not acceptable even if I cite the source where the material was copied from. I certify that this assignment was prepared specif ically for this class and has not been submitted in whole or in part, to any other class at Walsh or elseware.

Psychology-Decision Making Essay

Abstract How does it happen that animal trainers take ratiocinations which lead them to failures? What decision-making mechanisms do they inactivate when they take such decisions? This paper is aimed at analyzing these mental implications.Psychology Decision Making Introduction It is not rare that managers take decisions which lead them to failure. These failures often be practise the headlines and the top stories of newspapers and magazines. However, has anyone analyzed the psychological implications of such decisions? What psychological theories could explain such managers behavior, and what useful recommendations could be drawn from such cases? Problem identification The case of Sears, when owned by Edward S. Lampert, is the most recent example of a large managerial mistake, having led to significant financial and economic losses. On January 29, 2008 Lampert pushed out his chief executive, but what is more important, he took decision to distance himself from the day-by-day m anagement of his enterprise. Until now, the heads of several major departments, like marketing and merchandising, reported directly to Mr. Lampert, even though he has no background in retailing or advertising (Barbaro, 2008). It is crucial to understand, how Lampert came to the idea of day-to-day management of his enterprise, although he did not take enough professional skills for that Theoretical background It is stated, that we are likely, fond constructed individuals. Our lie withs, our cultures, our social order, shape our motivations, our desires, and our beliefs about the world we encounter (Plous, 1993). Our management decisions are shaped are also shaped under the impact of business environment and the objectives we command to meet in our management activity. We tend to take decisions, which are primary based on our perception of the world around us (Connolly, 2000). One of the major problems in management decision making is in that a person can hardly be objective in taking decisions. The lack of objectivity leads to the situation, when we do not take into account multiple environmental factors, impacting our decisions. Evidently, there cannot be any better explanation to Lamperts decision, that the self-perception theory. This theory deals with the human perceptions and the shipway they incorporate their perceptions into their daily behavior (Plous, 1993). To be clear, Lamperts expectations and beliefs into his managerial skills and the ability to cope with a large retail enterprise were not justified from the start. In this case, the major question to be answered was what am I to do to make this enterprise profitable? Trying to answer this question, and taking decisions in the discussed framework, Lampert has concluded that the beat solution for the situation would be tying himself to the daily companys activity.Moreover, it was not enough for him to stay ahead he had to manage, but this decision lacked abstractive and practical foundations . This is how Lamperts shammer opinions impacted the overall performance of the company (Plous, 1993). Respondents are influenced by pseudo opinions when they do not know much about the issue or when they know nothing about it (Plous, 1993). In Lamperts case, attribution heuristics has greatly contributed into the negative decision outcomes Lampert was obviously justifying his behavior as situationally-produced. As a termination, he has underestimated the lack of his managerial skills (Plous, 1993). Critical thinking is the integral part of the decision making process. Most international managers find it extremely repugn to evaluate a written or spoken commentary on a hot topic because both sides of the controversy seem to have safe arguments (Safi & Burrell, 2007). Has Lamperts decision been caused by critical thinking approach? Definitely, it has for a long period of time, Sears was criticized for lacking a management team with retail experience and for Lamperts being a microm anager who hampered the business (Barbaro, 2008). As a result, Lampert was driven to the situation in which he had to admit his managerial mistakes due to the two facts the extraneous criticism, and the objective financial data positivistic the $14 million financial losses. Recommendations The case of Edward S. Lampert is a brilliant example of a situation, in which successful manager has overestimated his skills and has not applied any critical thinking approach before the decision was made. As a result, numerous pseudo opinions and the lack of objective tuition have led to significant gaps in the companys performance.In order to take a good decision, a manager must understand, what result is desirable and the tools available to us for making good decisions (Safi & Burrell, 2007). There are several recommendations for a manager in similar situations. First, it is crucial that the manager avoids pseudo opinions. In this aspect, the formulate of the question to answer is very imp ortant. In order to create effective decisions, managers must be able to formulate the questions.Properly wording the issue crucially impacts the effectiveness of the chosen answers, and as a result, the managerial activities which lead or do not lead to business success. Be mediocre with yourself about the agendas and motives. Are you really gathering information to help you make a smart choice, or are you just looking for evidence confirming your preconceived notions? (Safi & Burrell, 2007).Not only objectivity and evaluation of ones skills have led Sears to failure. It is also the inability to properly formulate the goals of such actions what aims did Lampert have in his actions? Did he want to promote his enterprise profitability or himself as a successful manager? He had to answer those questions before he undertook any real actions which later almost pushed the company into the flow of negative consequences. Conclusion In his decision to quit day-to-day management of Sears, L ampert has finally come to one of the crucial elements in the decision-making process he was able to recall the key facts and decision-making variables. The list of these variables included financial indices and persistent criticism of Sears performance. As a result, Lampert was finally able to take the best decision possible in the problematic situation. However, it is still unclear whether hiring a new CEO was based on any objective grounds or would require thorough re-consideration in the nearest future. One may hope that this re-consideration will not be caused by a new management decision-making failure.ReferencesBarbaro, M. (2008). Sears chairman will take a step back. The New York Times. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2008 from http//www.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/business/29sears.html?ref=businessqG4vaywTPkZypAwConnolly, T. (2000). Judgment and decision making An interdisciplinary reader. CambridgeUniversity Press.Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of judgment and decision making. McGraw-Hi ll.Safi, A. & Burrell, D.N. (2007). Developing advanced decision-making skills in internationalleaders and managers. Vikalpa, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1-8.

Village Life vs City Life

It is a firm belief on the part of hatful that there is a big difference between hamlet life and urban center life. It is absolutely true that the life in a village and that in a city varies so much that the difference is glaring at times. In occurrence it can very well be said that plurality living in cities are different from community living in villages. It is normal feeling amongst us that city life is more enjoyable than village life. It is only an assumption. city life is endue with a lot of advantages. This is because of the fact that there are a number of opportunities open to you in a city.City life is provided with a lot of facilities too. You would non find many facilities and opportunities in a village. Parents would be happy to send their children to cities for higher studies rather than to villages. Cities are endowed with quality higher education institutions whereas villages are not endowed with high quality colleges and universities. In addition to schools and colleges, city life is preferred for improved medical examination facilities. If someone falls ill in the family, you operate to take him or her to a popular hospital in a city since villages are not equipped with the best of medical attention.The number of hospitals in a city and the facilities are far more when compared to that in a village. A city has banks, moving-picture show theaters, parks, golf courses, sports stadiums, clubs, hostels and shopping malls. The behavior of people in a city is different from that of the people in a village. People in a city are generally unfriendly and they maintain distant from others. The people in villages on the other hand are warm-hearted and friendly. Villagers receive you well where as city-dwellers tend to be within doors.People in villages are very helpful in nature whereas people living in cities tend to be more selfish in their attitude. A city is characterized by various kinds of pollution such as noise pollution, visual pollu tion and air pollution. This is due to that fact that there a number of factories, industries and mills in a city than in villages. Hence villages are endowed with pure air devoid of pollution. optic and noise pollution are also less in villages. Since village life is calm and quiet and bereft of pollution of any kind, older people tend to settle down in villages after their retirement from service

Telstra

Background Telstra is a descendant of the bit Master Generals (PMG) department of the Australian Commonwealth Public Service. In 1975 tele communication theory and postal functions were divided into two statutory commissions Telecom Australia and Australia Post. Telecom Australia, the government-owned communications carrier, later integrate with a snitchly smaller government body, OTC, then responsible for international scrubs. Telecom rebranded itself as Telstra in the early 1990s. Telstra has faced disputation since the late mid-eighties from competing providers.It retains ownership of the fixed-line mobilize network, as salutary as champion of two competing pay-tv and data cable networks. Other companies falseering fixed-line engrossfulnesss must at that placefore get out with Telstra. Competing telecommunication companies stupefy constantly accuse Telstra of overcharging for wholesale devil to their networks the ACCC has often agreed plainly decisions by the re gulator are slow. 1 Current Situation Australias leading telecommunications and breeding Services Comp whatever, Telstra quite a little Ltd is well poised to acquit a juicy take aim of assistant of process in the super competitive communications grocery in Australia and abroad.Telstras do offerings include Local, long-distance and international telephony run unsettled telecommunications serve Data, network and online service Wholesale services to other carriers peal directories Pay television services Telstra employs approximately 40,000 staff and generates grosss of any(prenominal) US$18 billion in its virtually recent financial year. 2 drudgery compendium After careful deliberation, a SWOT ( efficacy, weakness, opportunities & scourges) analysis was developed that was reflected in a leadion of OB (Organisational behavior) Theories that demonstrate the general abilities and cloth of Telstra.All of these theories give be explored further with regard to how they shape policies, provide direction or limit growth in relation to the SWOT analysis (Ref. to addition A). Issue abstract Competition Competitors use tactics like price reductions, novel product introductions, and advertising campaigns to gain advantage over their rivals. Competition is more or less intense when there are many direct competitors, when effort growth is slow, or when the product or service skunk non be differentiated in nearly manner. 3Competition is only a recent gainsay for Telstra as it had government protection and maintained an effective monopoly of telecommunications in Australia for many long time. However, with the recent deregulation of the market and the emergence in p directers, Telstra has more(prenominal) and more been threatened with higher competition from competitors. The increase of players in this market go forth surely experience customers to go shopping for the best carry offs, thus Telstra is being and depart be forced further in the future to improve its image and offers so as to retain an effective market share.Thus said, the telecommunications industry has changed as ball-shaped sentiment towards telecommunications has turned negative in recent eld, and has come to the stage where the market originally rewards commercial discipline and conservatism deep down the industry. 4 In the corrections that has followed these events, plus the collapse of the dotcoms and tier 2 Telcos, and the investment rebalancing post the millennium bug era, an estimated 3 trillion US dollars has been wiped off the entertain of Telco stocks general in the last two years.The Australian industry has not escaped this market reaction, or the pressure that accompanies a sudden retardant in revenue growth from the exciting ride of the nineties. But in this reporting period so further, the Australian telecommunications industry sees a number of carriers earning mediocre revenues and showing slightly signs of profi t improvement, and many are experiencing growth in customers and market share. Most signifi spatetly, the first five years of open competition in Australia go delivered abundant benefits for consumers depress prices, give away service, more investment and innovation, and more choice. 5 According to Telstra staff, five years of open competition has in addition made Telstra a punter company, a better competitor and a better servant of their customers. Telstra had to change and adapt, which they have and theyre now seeing the benefits. Still, Telstra must retain some level of strength and influence over the telecommunications market as several of Telstras competitors complain that Telstra as a company is too broad. Supposedly, they keisternot contest against Telstra receivable to its size, range of services, and nationally coverage.Telstra is too powerful, and its competitors are calling for structural separation, and dismantling Telstra into smaller companies that would ru n the wholesale network and serve retail customers. 6 exist Competitiveness salute competitiveness is best described as keeping appeals low in order to achieve profit and prices that are spellbinding to customers, in which Telstra can offer low prices by managing their costs and keeping them down. This operator being efficient, accomplishing their goals by using their resources wisely, and minimizing waste. 7 With regard to cost competitiveness, Telstra is able to compete with the best in the market, although deregulation and the increase in telecommunications companies such as Optus and Vodafone are proving themselves as potential threats to Telstras dominance of the telecommunications market in Australia. Telstra go bys to deliver on cost control. The cost performance of the company has been disciplined and chthonianpins revenue performance. It is a prerequisite for success in providing value for their customers.Telstra also needs to impart into consideration the challeng e that sustained technological change creates for Australias telecommunications system. In additions, as a geographically vast country with a highly discharge population, located at a great distance from its trading partners, Australia depends more heavily than other countries do on the quality, efficiency and innovativeness of its telecommunications system. As new technologies gallop the benefits telecommunications can bring, Australians in particular, stand to gain from an environment that promotes prompt adoption and widespread use.Within three to five years, it is estimated the process of convergence will offer the greatest opportunities in this respect. crossing, viewed from a technological perspective, refers to the process by which services that were frontly maintained over distinct communications infrastructures are integrated around a common, high capacity, digital platform. This brings with it the blurring of boundaries between once-distinct services and the entry of suppliers from previously separate markets into a now combining and necessarily wider market place. 8From the consumer perspective, convergence brings unobjectionable gains. Reliance on a common infrastructure allows efficiencies to be obtained, reducing costs and charges. That infrastructures high capacity allows new services to be offered, extending the range of means and applications that consumers can access. At the same time, the merging of markets brings previously separated suppliers into head-on competition with all the benefits that competition yields. Although potentially a threat for Telstra as it whitethorn lose market share in particular areas, it is also an opportunity if it can take dvantage of glum prices to attract more customers. This will depend on the strength of Telstras innovations in drawing customers attention, only if also on way Telstra can uphold profits while lowering prices without staff have sexbacks or branch closures. 9 It is against this backdr op that the impact of regulation needs to be assessed. By adding uncertainty to what is already a highly uncertain environment, the current regulation of access discourages investment both by Telstra and by Telstras competitors.At the same time, the bias in the direction of trying to represent ever lower charges for access seekers, regardless of costs that has emerged in ACCC decision-making distorts price signals and expectations in ways inimical to efficient investment and to technological change. This lack of any internally consistent, sozzled approach by the ACCC to decisions such as these is, in Telstras view, unjustifiable. It is no defence to say, as the ACCC does in its most recent ledger entry to the Commission, that overall Telstras PSTN is profitable.Even lay outting aside the absurdities evident in the manner in which the ACCC has reached this assessment, the ACCCs argument seems to imply that so long as Telstra is not going below, access pricing decisions can be taken without proper regard to their consequences for Telstras ability to recover costs and finance investments. No doubt, this decision comes as a huge threat to Telstras competitiveness in the communications industry and Telstra is set to potential lose a large slice of the market share or shareholder confidence, depending on how the company responds to the announcement.The reality is that at the margin, Telstra must allocate its funds among competing uses in the light not of the short name or immediate profitability of the grouping of services they support, but of their return over the lifetime of the assets being acquired. Even if it were the case that Telstras PSTN was profitable in some economically relevant sense today, it is the future profitability of the service that counts and the ever strengthening competition in this area, combined with move heavy-handed restrictive intervention, hardly makes investment in the CAN attractive when ompared to alternatives. No less impo rtantly, the fact remains that the ACCCs decisions, by setting access charges below cost, cannot but distort and depress investment in regulated assets, as the return on that investment to Telstra is reduced below the return it yields to consumers and service suppliers as a whole. It is these impacts at the margin, rather than aggregate comparisons of costs and revenues, that are economically relevant. Quality Quality can be measured in legal injury of performance, additional features, reliability (failure or breakdowns), and conformance to standards, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. In addition, the excellence of a product, including such things as attractiveness, lack of defects, reliability, and long-term dependability. defines the expectations that many plenty these days have of companies and consequently, the course of service that Telstra endeavours to deliver. 10 The importance of quality, and standards for acceptable quality, has increased dramatically in rec ent years.Firms cannot get by offering poor quality products as they could a few years ago. customers now demand high quality and value, and generally will accept nothing less. 11 Telstras performance in regional and arcadian Australia is constantly under scrutiny. Telstra welcomes this scrutiny because the level of improvement in service levels and performance in regional, rural and remote Australia over the past two years has been dramatic. 12 In fruition of the special needs of regional customers, Telstra Country enormous was undercoated in June 2000.According to Telstra, it was one of the best business decisions they ever took. Telstra Country Wide today services three million customers who account for more than $3 billion in revenue to Telstra, no doubt a strength in revenue for Telstra, although raises questions as to whether service is being reduced to make way for increased revenue. 13 Even so, remote customers can now make untimed local calls to conjunction service t owns hundreds of kilometres away, which better reflects the reality of life in rural Australia. Mobile coverage now reaches 97% of the population.To achieve this, Telstra has been working with the Federal Government to establish mobile services to smaller towns and to improve the quality of mobile conjunctives nationwide. 14 Speed In the Information Age, speed is allthing to nearly everyone, which makes it a priority for Telstra to deliver the kind of services that mint expect. While Telstras services in rural Australia are often reported to be lacking in terms of connection time for call up and internet, as well as the ability of Telstra staff to respond to customer requests or complaints, new technologies are being sought that can reduce these problems.Hence, how loyal can Telstra develop and get a new product to market? How quickly can they respond to customers requests? Telstra is far better off if they are faster than the competition and if they can respond quickly to the ir competitors actions. 15 Therefore, Telstra has seen an opportunity in this to respond to peoples needs and more and more has promoted broadband as a viable, effective and efficient way of ensuring speed in communications.Broadband is growing across Australia because people are attracted to faster download propagation and having a standing(prenominal) online connection. 16 Broadband enables a high-speed permanent Internet connection. Its about faster Internet speeds, increased capacity and capabilities and more compel content. A modem is needed, but there are no dial in access numbers to connect to. 17 Innovations Whether it is a change in applied science a departure from previous ways of doing things or introduction of new products, innovation is something that most uccessful companies possess and use to further either market share or consumer satisfaction. Depending on Telstras competitiveness and creativity, innovation can be a huge opportunity in grasping larger market s hares and customers, or it can be a threat if other companies are more innovative. Telstra has managed to use innovative ideas to shape its success and satisfy consumer demands, some of the latest innovations being the Homeline Plans, Telstra Rewards Options, Homelink 1800 and Telstra Mobile CDMA. 18 Homeline plans allows the customer to select options that best suit them, whether they have friends and family close by, in another state or another country and whether they make lots of calls every day or just a few each week, in order to bring about maximum savings. 19 Telstra Rewards Options gives the customer the chance to save 5% or 10% on their audio bill by combining their Telstra home phone, Telstra Mobile and Telstra BigPond, as well as having the added convenience of only one bill.Homelink 1800 makes it easy for a family member to call home and they dont need cash or special cards. 20 Telstra Mobile CDMA is used particularly in rural regions of Australia and offers call clar ity and aegis network security lock background noise suppression and call clarity and security. Because CDMA uses a more sophisticated system of communicate voice signals, the phone is not dissimilar to talking on a normal phone. Whats more, CDMA signals are almost impossible to decipher if they are intercepted by eavesdroppers, which means conversations are more secure.Increasingly, more of Telstras revenues will come from their operations overseas. They will continue to see popular innovations, both overseas and in Australia, that will change the way people work, learn, communicate and receive information and entertainment. 21 In international growth, Telstras focus is on business mobiles, data and Internet, particularly in the Asia and pacific Region, which is where it is matte up that a good commercial history and experience there will help in realising opportunities for shareholders.Telstras investments in Asia have provided them with a platform for regional growth. 22 Down sizing Put simply, downsizing is the planned elimination of positions or jobs, and has caused its fair share of controversy surrounding companies in recent times that are lay off large numbers of workers and sacrificing customer service at the expense of large profits and boosting investor confidence. 23Although historically, layoffs tend to affect manufacturing firms and operative level workers in particular, the most recent cycle of downsizing has focused on delivering and eliminating bureaucratic structures, and hence, white collar middle managers have been those chiefly affected. 24 Hence, firms such as Telstra should avoid extravagant (cyclical) hiring to help reduce the need to engage in major or multiple downsizings.Beyond that, firms must avoid common mistakes such as making slow, small, frequent layoffs implementing voluntary early retirement programs that entice the best people to leave or laying off so many people that companys work can no longer be performed. 25 Theref ore, caution must be sought when laying off any totality of workers, as the company must maintain job satisfaction as a strength as well as be focused on customer service in order to avoid customer dissatisfaction and hence customers going to competitors. 26 Recommendations After reviewing Telstra and comparing what they do with other business similar to theirs, I have put together a new and innovative way for Telstra to revitalise and recreate their business, this will not only improve customer service but also improve productively as this will allow many processes to be completed often faster by not needing to deal with the usual misunderstandings and surprise associated with some of their services.At present Telstra could be said to be in two worlds that of the typical bureaucratic society, which often is seen in public sectors, and that of new technology where by Telstra is highly involved with the introduce of new technology, yet in many ways these changes have results in mo re issues relating to people not understanding how to use the new technology correctly, this not includes both employees as well as their clients. Such issues as these are common when new technology is introduced, yet with a business such as Telstra which already has a variety of customer service problems, this new technology has added to their worries.The only way that Telstra can overcome these issues is by combining them, to create new innovated ideas that not only still allow human to human interaction but also makes better use of technology to not only improve customer service but also to speed it up. After considering the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to Telstra with regard to it, it is fair to comment Telstra is well poised to continue to play a large part in the Australasian telecommunications market. While Telstra is by many standards a very successful company, much of that success lay behind government protection.However, with the deregulation of the tel ecommunications market, the future is less certain for Telstra and more competition may threaten its market share and cause the company to improve its services. However, this should be viewed positively as an opportunity for Telstra to move forward, in particular expanding into Asia, and be seen as a company that can support itself. This increased competition will in time show Telstras true strengths and weaknesses in the field of telecommunications and if the company can hold its place in the Australian telecommunications industry. credit entry List Interview Five Telstra Employees (They want to remain anonymous) Books Bateman & Snell, care Competing in the New Era, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, 2002 Kelly, J. (1969). Organizational conduct, USA Irwin McShane, S and Travaglione, T. (2003). Organisational Behaviour On The Pacific Rim, Sydney, McGraw-Hill Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter (2003). Management, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Australia Robbins, S. P. , Waters-Marsh , T. , Cacioppe, R. , and Millet, B. (1994). Organisational Behaviour. Leading and Managing in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney Prentice Hall Organisational Behaviour.Leading and Managing in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney Prentice Hall Sayles, L and Strauss, G. (1966). Human Behaviour In Organizations, USA Prentice Hall Websites Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra mint Limited. on hand(predicate)http//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? voice communication=22001 23/ 9/05. semblance Terms, open http//www. ots. treas. gov/ polish/gloss-m. html 24/09/05 Marketing Strategy, on hand(predicate) http//www. tutor2u. net/business/gcse/marketing_strategy_introduction. htm 24/09/05 Telstra Facts http//www. absoluteastronomy. om/encyclopedia/t/te/telstra. htm 24/09/05. Telstra Just Too Good. uncommitted http//www. telstra. com. au/ restrictive/docs/lr-104969Ziggy_ope_ed_struct_sep. doc 25/09/05 Telstra Options. Available http//www. telstra. com. au/telstraoptions/ 26/09/05 Telstra Corporation Ltd, History http//www. telstra. com. au/corporate/index. cfm? tR=1 23/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are driving growth to build shareholders. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd 4 Key Strategic Areas 2001.Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_3. html 29/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Chairman and CEOs Message 2001. Availablehttp//www. conect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_5. htm 24/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporaton Ltd Domestic Retail 2001. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_8. htm 24/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23/09/05 Wikipedia Encyclopaedia, Available http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_research 24/09/05E Journals Brenner, O. C. , Singer, Marc G. Management Quarterly. Washington (1984). Vol. 25, Iss. 2, pg. 14 , 7 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Cooper, R. C. C. C. L. (2002) Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 21 49 (ProQuest database, ANU) Dotson, L. (2004) 10 slipway To Improve Your Customer Service E. C. Pasour, J. (1983) Privatization Is it the Answer? The Freeman Lovata, Linda M. MIS Quarterly. Minneapolis. Jun (1987). Vol 11. Iss. 2, pg. 147, 3 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Wettenhall, R.Privatization in Australia How Much and What Impacts? Canberra, Uni of Canberra. Simintiras, Antonis C. , Lancaster, Geoffrey A. Management Decision. London (1991). Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pg. 22, 6 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Note Assortments of lectures and tutorial notes have been used from Organisational Behaviour G. Appendixes SWOT Analysis of Telstra Strengths Weaknesses Competitive Pricing Rural Services Global Nature of Competition competing overseas eg. South-East Asia Mobile Phone coverage / Quality Interne t Access BigPond Home available across Australia for the costBroadband Access / Quality of a local call. Broadband ADSL CDMA Network coverage 97. 1% of Australian pop. Largest cellular mobile coverage in Australia Options to suit everyone Combining Phone/Mobile/ Internet Bills Phone Range (Landline / Mobile) Directories White & icteric Pages (standard / electronic) Opportunities Threats New / advanced(a) Products Increase in Competition (Optus, Vodafone, Transact etc) Extend services & the market share of Telstra into other counties Lose of employment due to technology or cut cost measures Improving and Expanding product and service offerings in Australia The government selling the rest of Telstra (privatisation) 1 Telstra Facts http//www. absoluteastronomy. com/encyclopedia/t/te/telstra. htm 24/09/05. 2 History, Telstra Corporation Ltd http//www. telstra. com. au/corporate/index. cfm? tR=1 23/09/05. 3 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, p. 53 4 Dr Ziggy Switko wski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? linguistic process=22001 23 family 2005. 5 ibid 6 Telstra Just Too Good.Available http//www. telstra. com. au/ regulative/docs/lr-104969Ziggy_ope_ed_struct_sep. doc 25 kinfolk 2005. 7 Bateman & Snell, Management Competing in the New Era, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, 2002, Glossary (G-2) 8 ibid 9 ibid 10 ibid p. 12 11 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-7) 12 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 13 ibid 14 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Domestic Retail 2001. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_8. htm 24 September 2005. 15 Bateman & Snell, op. cit p. 12 16 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 17 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23 September 2005. 18 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-4) 19 Telstra Options. Available http//www. telstra. com. au/telstraoptions/ 26 September 2005. 20 ibid 21 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Available ,- ? ? E ? I I c ) * + L M N ocUcUcUcEUcEc iPiPiPiPiPiPi1hchttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 22 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23 September 2005. 23 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-3) 24 ibid p. 283 25 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Chairman and CEOs Message 2001. Availablehttp//www. conect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_5. htm 24 September 2005. 26 Cooper, R. C. C. C. L. (2002) Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee we llbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 21 49 (ProQuest database, ANU)TelstraBackground Telstra is a descendant of the Post Master Generals (PMG) Department of the Australian Commonwealth Public Service. In 1975 telecommunications and postal functions were divided into two statutory commissions Telecom Australia and Australia Post. Telecom Australia, the government-owned communications carrier, later merged with a much smaller government body, OTC, then responsible for international calls. Telecom rebranded itself as Telstra in the early 1990s. Telstra has faced competition since the late 1980s from competing providers.It retains ownership of the fixed-line telephone network, as well as one of two competing pay-tv and data cable networks. Other companies offering fixed-line services must therefore deal with Telstra. Competing telecommunication companies have constantly accused Telstra of overcharging for wholesale access to their networks the ACCC has often agreed but decisi ons by the regulator are slow. 1 Current Situation Australias leading telecommunications and information Services Company, Telstra Corporation Ltd is well poised to deliver a high level of service in the highly competitive communications market in Australia and abroad.Telstras service offerings include Local, long-distance and international telephony services Mobile telecommunications services Data, Internet and online services Wholesale services to other carriers Telephone directories Pay television services Telstra employs approximately 40,000 staff and generates revenues of some US$18 billion in its most recent fiscal year. 2 SWOT Analysis After careful deliberation, a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities & threats) analysis was developed that was reflected in a selection of OB (Organisational Behaviour) Theories that demonstrate the general abilities and framework of Telstra.All of these theories will be explored further with regard to how they shape policies, provide d irection or limit growth in relation to the SWOT analysis (Ref. to Appendix A). Issue Analysis Competition Competitors use tactics like price reductions, new product introductions, and advertising campaigns to gain advantage over their rivals. Competition is most intense when there are many direct competitors, when industry growth is slow, or when the product or service cannot be differentiated in some way. 3Competition is only a recent challenge for Telstra as it had government protection and maintained an effective monopoly of telecommunications in Australia for many years. However, with the recent deregulation of the market and the increase in players, Telstra has increasingly been threatened with higher competition from competitors. The increase of players in this market will surely cause customers to go shopping for the best deals, hence Telstra is being and will be forced further in the future to improve its image and offers so as to retain an effective market share.Thus said , the telecommunications industry has changed as global sentiment towards telecommunications has turned negative in recent years, and has come to the stage where the market currently rewards commercial discipline and conservatism within the industry. 4 In the corrections that has followed these events, plus the collapse of the dotcoms and tier 2 Telcos, and the investment rebalancing post the millennium bug era, an estimated 3 trillion US dollars has been wiped off the value of Telco stocks worldwide in the last two years.The Australian industry has not escaped this market reaction, or the pressure that accompanies a sudden slowdown in revenue growth from the exciting ride of the nineties. But in this reporting period so far, the Australian telecommunications industry sees a number of carriers earning reasonable revenues and showing some signs of profit improvement, and many are experiencing growth in customers and market share. Most significantly, the first five years of open compe tition in Australia have delivered considerable benefits for consumers lower prices, better service, more investment and innovation, and more choice. 5 According to Telstra staff, five years of open competition has also made Telstra a better company, a better competitor and a better servant of their customers. Telstra had to change and adapt, which they have and theyre now seeing the benefits. Still, Telstra must retain some level of strength and influence over the telecommunications market as several of Telstras competitors complain that Telstra as a company is too large. Supposedly, they cannot compete against Telstra due to its size, range of services, and nationwide coverage.Telstra is too powerful, and its competitors are calling for structural separation, and dismantling Telstra into smaller companies that would run the wholesale network and serve retail customers. 6 Cost Competitiveness Cost competitiveness is best described as keeping costs low in order to achieve profits a nd prices that are attractive to customers, in which Telstra can offer low prices by managing their costs and keeping them down. This means being efficient, accomplishing their goals by using their resources wisely, and minimizing waste. 7 With regard to cost competitiveness, Telstra is able to compete with the best in the market, although deregulation and the increase in telecommunications companies such as Optus and Vodafone are proving themselves as potential threats to Telstras dominance of the telecommunications market in Australia. Telstra continues to deliver on cost control. The cost performance of the company has been disciplined and underpins revenue performance. It is a prerequisite for success in providing value for their customers.Telstra also needs to take into consideration the challenge that sustained technological change creates for Australias telecommunications system. In additions, as a geographically vast country with a highly dispersed population, located at a g reat distance from its trading partners, Australia depends more heavily than other countries do on the quality, efficiency and innovativeness of its telecommunications system. As new technologies expand the benefits telecommunications can bring, Australians in particular, stand to gain from an environment that promotes prompt adoption and widespread use.Within three to five years, it is estimated the process of convergence will offer the greatest opportunities in this respect. Convergence, viewed from a technological perspective, refers to the process by which services that were previously supported over distinct communications infrastructures are integrated around a common, high capacity, digital platform. This brings with it the blurring of boundaries between once-distinct services and the entry of suppliers from previously separate markets into a now combining and necessarily wider market place. 8From the consumer perspective, convergence brings clear gains. Reliance on a common infrastructure allows efficiencies to be obtained, reducing costs and charges. That infrastructures high capacity allows new services to be offered, extending the range of content and applications that consumers can access. At the same time, the merging of markets brings previously separated suppliers into head-on competition with all the benefits that competition yields. Although potentially a threat for Telstra as it may lose market share in particular areas, it is also an opportunity if it can take dvantage of lowering prices to attract more customers. This will depend on the strength of Telstras innovations in drawing customers attention, but also on way Telstra can uphold profits while lowering prices without staff cutbacks or branch closures. 9 It is against this backdrop that the impact of regulation needs to be assessed. By adding uncertainty to what is already a highly uncertain environment, the current regulation of access discourages investment both by Telstra and by Tel stras competitors.At the same time, the bias in the direction of trying to set ever lower charges for access seekers, regardless of costs that has emerged in ACCC decision-making distorts price signals and expectations in ways inimical to efficient investment and to technological change. This lack of any internally consistent, rigorous approach by the ACCC to decisions such as these is, in Telstras view, unjustifiable. It is no defence to say, as the ACCC does in its most recent submission to the Commission, that overall Telstras PSTN is profitable.Even putting aside the absurdities evident in the manner in which the ACCC has reached this assessment, the ACCCs argument seems to imply that so long as Telstra is not going under, access pricing decisions can be taken without proper regard to their consequences for Telstras ability to recover costs and finance investments. No doubt, this decision comes as a huge threat to Telstras competitiveness in the communications industry and Tel stra is set to potential lose a large slice of the market share or shareholder confidence, depending on how the company responds to the announcement.The reality is that at the margin, Telstra must allocate its funds among competing uses in the light not of the short term or immediate profitability of the grouping of services they support, but of their return over the lifetime of the assets being acquired. Even if it were the case that Telstras PSTN was profitable in some economically relevant sense today, it is the future profitability of the service that counts and the ever strengthening competition in this area, combined with continued heavy-handed regulatory intervention, hardly makes investment in the CAN attractive when ompared to alternatives. No less importantly, the fact remains that the ACCCs decisions, by setting access charges below cost, cannot but distort and depress investment in regulated assets, as the return on that investment to Telstra is reduced below the return it yields to consumers and service suppliers as a whole. It is these impacts at the margin, rather than aggregate comparisons of costs and revenues, that are economically relevant. Quality Quality can be measured in terms of performance, additional features, reliability (failure or breakdowns), and conformance to standards, durability, serviceability, and aesthetics. In addition, the excellence of a product, including such things as attractiveness, lack of defects, reliability, and long-term dependability. defines the expectations that many people these days have of companies and consequently, the kind of service that Telstra endeavours to deliver. 10 The importance of quality, and standards for acceptable quality, has increased dramatically in recent years.Firms cannot get by offering poor quality products as they could a few years ago. Customers now demand high quality and value, and generally will accept nothing less. 11 Telstras performance in regional and rural Australia is c onstantly under scrutiny. Telstra welcomes this scrutiny because the level of improvement in service levels and performance in regional, rural and remote Australia over the past two years has been dramatic. 12 In recognition of the special needs of regional customers, Telstra Country Wide was established in June 2000.According to Telstra, it was one of the best business decisions they ever took. Telstra Country Wide today services three million customers who account for more than $3 billion in revenue to Telstra, no doubt a strength in revenue for Telstra, although raises questions as to whether service is being reduced to make way for increased revenue. 13 Even so, remote customers can now make untimed local calls to community service towns hundreds of kilometres away, which better reflects the reality of life in rural Australia. Mobile coverage now reaches 97% of the population.To achieve this, Telstra has been working with the Federal Government to establish mobile services to s maller towns and to improve the quality of mobile connections nationwide. 14 Speed In the Information Age, speed is everything to nearly everyone, which makes it a priority for Telstra to deliver the kind of services that people expect. While Telstras services in rural Australia are often reported to be lacking in terms of connection times for phone and internet, as well as the ability of Telstra staff to respond to customer requests or complaints, new technologies are being sought that can reduce these problems.Hence, how fast can Telstra develop and get a new product to market? How quickly can they respond to customers requests? Telstra is far better off if they are faster than the competition and if they can respond quickly to their competitors actions. 15 Therefore, Telstra has seen an opportunity in this to respond to peoples needs and increasingly has promoted broadband as a viable, effective and efficient way of ensuring speed in communications.Broadband is growing across Aus tralia because people are attracted to faster download times and having a permanent online connection. 16 Broadband enables a high-speed permanent Internet connection. Its about faster Internet speeds, increased capacity and capabilities and more compelling content. A modem is needed, but there are no dial in access numbers to connect to. 17 Innovations Whether it is a change in technology a departure from previous ways of doing things or introduction of new products, innovation is something that most uccessful companies possess and use to further either market share or consumer satisfaction. Depending on Telstras competitiveness and creativity, innovation can be a huge opportunity in grasping larger market shares and customers, or it can be a threat if other companies are more innovative. Telstra has managed to use innovative ideas to shape its success and satisfy consumer demands, some of the latest innovations being the Homeline Plans, Telstra Rewards Options, Homelink 1800 and T elstra Mobile CDMA. 18 Homeline plans allows the customer to select options that best suit them, whether they have friends and family close by, in another state or another country and whether they make lots of calls every day or just a few each week, in order to bring about maximum savings. 19 Telstra Rewards Options gives the customer the chance to save 5% or 10% on their phone bill by combining their Telstra home phone, Telstra Mobile and Telstra BigPond, as well as having the added convenience of only one bill.Homelink 1800 makes it easy for a family member to call home and they dont need cash or special cards. 20 Telstra Mobile CDMA is used particularly in rural regions of Australia and offers call clarity and security network security lock background noise suppression and call clarity and security. Because CDMA uses a more sophisticated system of transmitting voice signals, the phone is not dissimilar to talking on a normal phone. Whats more, CDMA signals are almost impossible to decipher if they are intercepted by eavesdroppers, which means conversations are more secure.Increasingly, more of Telstras revenues will come from their operations overseas. They will continue to see popular innovations, both overseas and in Australia, that will change the way people work, learn, communicate and receive information and entertainment. 21 In international growth, Telstras focus is on business mobiles, data and Internet, particularly in the Asia and Pacific Region, which is where it is felt that a good commercial history and experience there will help in realising opportunities for shareholders.Telstras investments in Asia have provided them with a platform for regional growth. 22 Downsizing Put simply, downsizing is the planned elimination of positions or jobs, and has caused its fair share of controversy surrounding companies in recent times that are laying off large numbers of workers and sacrificing customer service at the expense of large profits and boosting investor confidence. 23Although historically, layoffs tend to affect manufacturing firms and operative level workers in particular, the most recent cycle of downsizing has focused on delivering and eliminating bureaucratic structures, and hence, white collar middle managers have been those chiefly affected. 24 Hence, firms such as Telstra should avoid excessive (cyclical) hiring to help reduce the need to engage in major or multiple downsizings.Beyond that, firms must avoid common mistakes such as making slow, small, frequent layoffs implementing voluntary early retirement programs that entice the best people to leave or laying off so many people that companys work can no longer be performed. 25 Therefore, caution must be sought when laying off any amount of workers, as the company must maintain job satisfaction as a strength as well as be focused on customer service in order to avoid customer dissatisfaction and hence customers going to competitors. 26 Recommendations After review ing Telstra and comparing what they do with other business similar to theirs, I have put together a new and innovative way for Telstra to revitalise and recreate their business, this will not only improve customer service but also improve productively as this will allow many processes to be completed much faster by not needing to deal with the usual misunderstandings and confusion associated with some of their services.At present Telstra could be said to be in two worlds that of the typical bureaucratic society, which often is seen in public sectors, and that of new technology where by Telstra is highly involved with the introduce of new technology, yet in many ways these changes have results in more issues relating to people not understanding how to use the new technology correctly, this not includes both employees as well as their clients. Such issues as these are common when new technology is introduced, yet with a business such as Telstra which already has a variety of customer service problems, this new technology has added to their worries.The only way that Telstra can overcome these issues is by combining them, to create new innovated ideas that not only still allow human to human interaction but also makes better use of technology to not only improve customer service but also to speed it up. After considering the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to Telstra with regard to it, it is fair to comment Telstra is well poised to continue to play a large part in the Australasian telecommunications market. While Telstra is by many standards a very successful company, much of that success lay behind government protection.However, with the deregulation of the telecommunications market, the future is less certain for Telstra and more competition may threaten its market share and cause the company to improve its services. However, this should be viewed positively as an opportunity for Telstra to move forward, in particular expanding into Asia, and b e seen as a company that can support itself. This increased competition will in time show Telstras true strengths and weaknesses in the field of telecommunications and if the company can hold its place in the Australian telecommunications industry. Reference List Interview Five Telstra Employees (They want to remain anonymous) Books Bateman & Snell, Management Competing in the New Era, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, 2002 Kelly, J. (1969). Organizational Behaviour, USA Irwin McShane, S and Travaglione, T. (2003). Organisational Behaviour On The Pacific Rim, Sydney, McGraw-Hill Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter (2003). Management, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Australia Robbins, S. P. , Waters-Marsh, T. , Cacioppe, R. , and Millet, B. (1994). Organisational Behaviour. Leading and Managing in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney Prentice Hall Organisational Behaviour.Leading and Managing in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney Prentice Hall Sayles, L and Strauss, G. (1966). Human Behav iour In Organizations, USA Prentice Hall Websites Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23/ 9/05. Glossary Terms, Available http//www. ots. treas. gov/glossary/gloss-m. html 24/09/05 Marketing Strategy, Available http//www. tutor2u. net/business/gcse/marketing_strategy_introduction. htm 24/09/05 Telstra Facts http//www. absoluteastronomy. om/encyclopedia/t/te/telstra. htm 24/09/05. Telstra Just Too Good. Available http//www. telstra. com. au/regulatory/docs/lr-104969Ziggy_ope_ed_struct_sep. doc 25/09/05 Telstra Options. Available http//www. telstra. com. au/telstraoptions/ 26/09/05 Telstra Corporation Ltd, History http//www. telstra. com. au/corporate/index. cfm? tR=1 23/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are driving growth to build shareholders. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd 4 Key Str ategic Areas 2001.Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_3. html 29/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Chairman and CEOs Message 2001. Availablehttp//www. conect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_5. htm 24/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporaton Ltd Domestic Retail 2001. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_8. htm 24/09/05. TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23/09/05 Wikipedia Encyclopaedia, Available http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_research 24/09/05E Journals Brenner, O. C. , Singer, Marc G. Management Quarterly. Washington (1984). Vol. 25, Iss. 2, pg. 14 , 7 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Cooper, R. C. C. C. L. (2002) Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 21 49 (ProQuest database, ANU) Dotson, L. (2004) 10 Ways To Improve Your Customer Service E. C. Pasour, J. (1983) Privatization Is it th e Answer? The Freeman Lovata, Linda M. MIS Quarterly. Minneapolis. Jun (1987). Vol 11. Iss. 2, pg. 147, 3 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Wettenhall, R.Privatization in Australia How Much and What Impacts? Canberra, Uni of Canberra. Simintiras, Antonis C. , Lancaster, Geoffrey A. Management Decision. London (1991). Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pg. 22, 6 pgs (ProQuest database, ANU) Note Assortments of lectures and tutorial notes have been used from Organisational Behaviour G. Appendixes SWOT Analysis of Telstra Strengths Weaknesses Competitive Pricing Rural Services Global Nature of Competition competing overseas eg. South-East Asia Mobile Phone Coverage / Quality Internet Access BigPond Home available across Australia for the costBroadband Access / Quality of a local call. Broadband ADSL CDMA Network Coverage 97. 1% of Australian pop. Largest cellular mobile coverage in Australia Options to suit everyone Combining Phone/Mobile/ Internet Bills Phone Range (Landline / Mobile) Directories White & Yellow Pages (standard / electronic) Opportunities Threats New / Innovative Products Increase in Competition (Optus, Vodafone, Transact etc) Extend services & the market share of Telstra into other counties Lose of employment due to technology or cut cost measures Improving and Expanding product and service offerings in Australia The government selling the rest of Telstra (privatisation) 1 Telstra Facts http//www. absoluteastronomy. com/encyclopedia/t/te/telstra. htm 24/09/05. 2 History, Telstra Corporation Ltd http//www. telstra. com. au/corporate/index. cfm? tR=1 23/09/05. 3 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, p. 53 4 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 5 ibid 6 Telstra Just Too Good.Available http//www. telstra. com. au/regulatory/docs/lr-104969Ziggy_ope_ed_struct_sep. doc 25 September 2005. 7 Bateman & Snell, Management C ompeting in the New Era, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, 2002, Glossary (G-2) 8 ibid 9 ibid 10 ibid p. 12 11 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-7) 12 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 13 ibid 14 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Domestic Retail 2001. Available http//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_8. htm 24 September 2005. 15 Bateman & Snell, op. cit p. 12 16 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex Chief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Availablehttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 17 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23 September 2005. 18 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-4) 19 Telstra Options. Available http//www. telstra. com. au/telstraoptions/ 26 September 2005. 20 ibid 21 Dr Ziggy Switkowski, Ex C hief Executive Officer, Telstra Corporation Limited. Available ,- ? ? E ? I I c ) * + L M N ocUcUcUcEUcEc iPiPiPiPiPiPi1hchttp//www. telstra. com. au/newsroom/speech. cfm? Speech=22001 23 September 2005. 22 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd How we are Driving Growth to Build Shareholders. Availablehttp//www. connect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_6. htm 23 September 2005. 23 Bateman & Snell, op. cit, Glossary (G-3) 24 ibid p. 283 25 TLS, Telstra Corporation Ltd Chairman and CEOs Message 2001. Availablehttp//www. conect4. com. au/ar/01/tls01_5. htm 24 September 2005. 26 Cooper, R. C. C. C. L. (2002) Does privatization affect corporate culture and employee wellbeing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17, 21 49 (ProQuest database, ANU)

Review V. F.’s corporate website Essay

1. Prepare a two-paragraph memo to the companys chief operating officer outlining whether V. F. should more broadly sorb qualitys CSR reporting, identifying which of its brands would most likely benefit the most from sustainability reporting.VF took a strategic step by buying Timberland with its CSR policies. They chose to be one of the sustainable companies whose products perfectly match their target audience. VF owns North Face, i.e. a premium outdoor brand that can perfectly complement Timberland. VF did not only buy a company but also their whole package of their sustainability, which proved to be working, as Timberland was a profit-earning company. VF knew that with the purchase of Timberland, they committed to keep the Timberlands CSR and also to start to adopt the CSR policies to their own branches. On the VFs website under Corporate Responsibility, they talk about their values To us, values such as honesty, integrity, consideration, and trea indisputable are more than word s they are embedded in everything we do and are the foundation of our social and environmental efforts.With that said, it is quite obvious that they adopted Timberlands CSR reporting. They also give back to the fraternity as they have a VF 100 program for companies who have the highest number of community service hours. VF donates $1,000 for $1,000 to to each one winners qualified charity of choice. I believe that VF recognized the importance and future of sustainability when they purchased Timberland and adopted their CSR reporting. As they have 50% of the market share, we can state that it was worth it for them.2.Upon reviewing former CEO Jeff Swartzs final blog post, do you agree or disagree with his finding that the business ball has shifted to sustainability?I agree that more and more companies realize how important morally and financially as well(p) to adopt CSR reporting. When Mr. Swartz started to put his ideology into practice, he met lots of barriers and he was the on e of the pioneers of establishing CSR. I am sure in the beginning he felt like that the new management didnt catch how convoluted it was as they said it the answer is simplewe believe that sustainability is good for thebusiness and good for the world environmentally, but later on Mr. Swartz realized that his pioneer days were over, the world has moved on and started to understand what he was fighting for.